Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and thromboxane A(2) are arachidonic acid derivatives. The former has initially been defined as an epithelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor displaying broncho-relaxing and anti-inflammatory properties, as recently demonstrated, whereas thromboxane A(2) induces vaso- and bronchoconstriction upon binding to thromboxane-prostanoid (TP)-receptor. EETs, however, are q...

Little is known of the maturation of the mucosae-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in man, because, for ethical reasons, tissues from newborns are not easy to obtain. We used the opportunity provided by autopsies systematically performed in infants who died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) to study the maturation of the MALT after birth. Gut and bronchus samples of 90 infants from postpar...

3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely adopted for airway segmentation. The performance of CNNs is greatly influenced by the dataset while public datasets are mainly clean CT scans with coarse annotation, thus difficult to be generalized noisy (e.g. COVID-19 scans). In this work, we proposed a new dual-stream network address variability between domain and domain, which utilize...

Accessory bronchi arising from the trachea 'are rare in man (Boyden, 1955) but common in lower animals (McEwen, 1937). When present they commonly arise from the right side of the trachea, approximately 2 cm. above the origin of the right main bronchus (Brock, 1954). Accessory bronchi may be displaced normal branches or true supernumerary bronchi (FosterCarter, 1946). In the former the accessory...

BACKGROUND Nowadays, there is a considerable gap in knowledge concerning the mechanism(s) by which long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) interact to induce bronchodilation. This study aimed to characterise the pharmacological interaction between glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol fumarate and to identify the mechanism(s) leading to the bronchorelaxan...

As Hilding (1949) states, " It is generally assumed that the total cross-sectional area of the [bronchial] tree increases progressively with each successive branching." Having studied the bronchial tree post mortem by slitting open the bronchi and measuring their calibre, Hilding himself believes that the total cross-sectional area of the tree remains almost constant until bronchi of diameter 1...

An extensive morphometric study of human trachea and principal bronchi was undertaken in the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, on 87 specimens procured from 51 male and 36 female relatively disease free fresh cadavers from Kolkata Police Morgue. The specimens were grouped into five age groups for both sexes. The length...