Genetic programming systems typically use a fixed training population to optimize programs according to problem-specific fitness criteria. The best-of-run programs evolved by these systems frequently exhibit optimal (or nearoptimal) performance in competitive survival environments explicitly represented by the training population. Unfortunately, subsequent performance of these programs is often...

The high plasticity of metallic glasses is highly desirable for a wide range of novel engineering applications. However, the physical origin of the ductile/brittle behaviour of metallic glasses with various compositions and thermal histories has not been fully clarified. Here we have found that metallic glasses with compositions at or near intermetallic compounds, in contrast to the ones at or ...

[Learning] Classifier systems are a kind of rule-based system with general mechanisms for processing rules in parallel, for adaptive generation of new rules, and for testing the effectiveness of existing rules. These mechanisms make possible performance and learning without the " brittleness " characteristic of most expert systems in AI.

Brittleness is important in the evaluation of fracturing ability shale reservoir and has a significant impact on gas exploration development. This paper discusses characteristics controlling factors brittleness continental Da’anzhai Member Ziliujing Formation Lower Jurassic age northeast Sichuan Basin. Continental lithofacies their associations were grouped into four main rock types: clayey sha...