Recently, instrumental variables methods have been used to address non-compliance in randomized experiments. Complicating such analyses is often the presence of missing data. The standard model for missing data, missing at random (MAR), has some unattractive features in this context. In this paper we compare MAR-based estimates of the complier average causal effect (CACE) with an estimator base...

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop a smartphone application to encourage breast self-examination (BSE), and to evaluate the effects of this application in terms of modifying BSE behavior. METHODS A smartphone application, based on the Android OS, was developed with functions including a BSE date alarm, a reminder to encourage mother and daughter to practice BSE together, record...

On May 1, 2003, the American Cancer Society (ACS) published new guidelines for breast cancer screening (ACS, 2003). Although mammography guidelines were retained, the recommendations for breast selfexamination (BSE) were revised significantly. The 1997 guidelines stated that, starting at age 20, women should perform BSE monthly. New guidelines state that, beginning in their 20s, women should be...

The objective of this study is to identify the frequency in which the early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer takes place in the municipality of Guarapuava, Paraná. A cross-sectional study with population basis was carried out including 885 women with the minimum age of 18 years old, in the period from October to December of 2006. The sample calculation considered the trust level of 95% a...

This study compared the effects of three alternative methods of breast self-examination (BSE) instruction (booklet, film and group discussion, individual teaching) on nurses' personal BSE practice. A pre-test and follow-up questionnaire were administered to a convenience sample of 166 nurses from Western Australian hospitals. The results demonstrated that each method of BSE instruction produced...

Introduction The incidence of breast cancer (BCa) in Cameroon is on the rise and accounts for a leading cause of mortality. An understanding of the knowledge and practices on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among teachers are important first steps which will guide the designing of interventions aimed at raising awareness across the general population. Methods We conducted a cr...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether breast self-examination (BSE) influences subsequent mammography participation. METHODS We evaluated associations between BSE and subsequent mammography participation, adjusting for baseline screening behaviors and sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics, among women aged 40 years and older using data from the longitudinal Canadian National Popul...