17. Hisham AN, Yip CH. Spectrum of breast cancer in Malaysian women: Overview. World J Surg 2003;27:921-3. 18. Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip CH, Cheung PS. Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women. World J Surg 2007;31:1031-40. 19. Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Wan PC, Pike MC. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: Estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Canc...

background: chemokine receptors have been shown to play an important role in the development and metastatic spread of various malignancies. in this study, the gene expression profile of some key chemokine receptors involved in metastasis has been investigated in esophageal and breast cancer cell lines.   methods: in a descriptive study, gene expression profile of ccr1, ccr6, ccr7, ccr9, cxcr1, ...

background: clinical experiences have revealed that patients with breast cancer experience various sexual problems following their treatment. breast cancer negatively impacts the sexual life of the afflicted couples, and as a traumatic event can influence women’s psychosexual functioning and intimate relationship. this review focuses on sexuality after breast cancer and on a growing need for bi...

the male breast cancer (mbc) is a very rare neoplasm which accounts for 0.5-1% of the total cases of breast cancer. bilateral involvement is reported to occur in fewer than 2% of all the diagnosed cases of mbc, and synchronous tumors are very rare. because of its rarity, little is known about mbc etiology, its clinical findings and treatment. most patients present with a painless breast mass. t...

objective(s):leptin receptor (lepr) is a member of the class i cytokine receptor super-family that is known implicated in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. we have investigated the effect of q223r polymorphism on the breast cancer susceptibly in a sample of iranian subjects. materials and methods:we utilized a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) restriction fragment length polymorphi...

background post-mastectomy breast reconstruction is commonly performed in the united states with numerous options available to patients and providers. this study evaluated patient race and provider in prediction of patient satisfaction following post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. methods the patient satisfaction for women who underwent post mastectomy breast reconstruction at university of ...

In India breast and cervical cancers are the commonest cancers and have high annual age-adjusted rates in all the registries. In order to have significant improvement in cancer control in India there needs to be a disproportionate focus on women's breast and cervical cancer. In most women cancer has spread at the time of presentation. Simple, inexpensive and cost-effective screening methods are...

Occurrence of breast cancer is related to genetic as well as cultural, environmental and life-style factors. Variations in diversity of these factors among different ethnic groups and geographical areas emphasize the immense need for studies in all racial-ethnic populations. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan is highest in Asians after Jews in Israel and 2.5 times higher than that in ne...

background: brca1 and brca2 genes have been recognized to be responsible for 20-30% of hereditary breast can­cers and approximately 50% of familial breast and ovarian cancers. therefore, the demand for brca1 and brca2 muta­tion screening is rapidly increasing as their identification will affect medical management of people at increased risk. because of high costs involved in analysis of brca1 a...

A total of 441 women teachers from 8 of the schools located in Delhi, India participated in this cross-sectional study, conducted from July 2007 to February 2008. The mean age was 37.2 years. Some 92.7% of the teachers were aware of at least one sign or symptom of the disease and 63.0% knew at least one high risk factor. However, only 36.1% had heard of the term breast self-examination. Only 13...