Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 1,600 head trauma patients, 67 of which demonstrated evidence of brainstem injury, were reviewed. CT diagnosis of brainstem injury was based on direct and indirect evidence. Direct signs, which include focal hemorrhage, significant intraparenchymal contrast enhancement, hemorrhagic contusion, and edema of the brainstem, appear as areas of high density, ...

The vascular anatomy and microvascular architecture of the vertebrobasilar system, especially within the brainstem, was investigated in cats. The main branches of the basilar artery were observed and the inner diameters of these vessels were measured on vertebral angiograms. The three-dimensional microvascular architecture was constructed using molded vascular models. The arterial anastomoses b...

The purpose of this study was to examine an excised human brainstem with high-resolution MR imaging. The MR images were correlated with myelin-stained histologic specimens and standard anatomic descriptions. Structures visualized included nuclei and/or fibers of all the cranial nerves, with the exception of the trochlear nerve. The topography of the brainstem is discussed. Major tracts such as ...

Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the remarkable fidelity with which the human auditory brainstem represents key acoustic features of the speech signal. The brainstem response to speech can be assessed noninvasively by examining scalp-recorded evoked potentials. Morphologically, two main components of the scalp-recorded brainstem response can be differentiated, a trans...

Introduction: Preterm birth is a risk factor for a number of conditions that requires comprehensive examination. Our study was designed to investigate the impact of preterm birth on the processing of auditory stimuli and brain structures at the brainstem level at a preschool age.   Materials and Methods: An auditory brainstem response (ABR) test was performed with low rates of stimuli in 60 ch...

Introduction: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a heterogeneous genetic disease that affects many parts of the body. It was named after Dr. Jacqueline Anne Noonan, a paediatric cardiologist.Case Report: We report audiological tests and auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings in a 5-year old Malay boy with NS. Despite showing the marked signs of NS, the child could only produce a few meaningful words. ...

Abstract:Background : Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common cause of congenital sensory neuronal hearing loss. These patients are screened by auditory brainstem response (ABR) test at bilirubin levels higher than 1% of gestational weight. Aim: to determine whether hyperbilirubinemia less than 1% of gestational weight could induce hearing loss and abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR...

Chronic sleep disturbance induced by traffic noise is considered to cause environmental sleep disorder, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and other stress-related diseases. However, noise indices for the evaluation of sleep disturbance are not based on the neurophysiological process of awakening regulated by the brainstem. In this study, through the neurophysi...

PURPOSE To analyze the error in contouring the brainstem for patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy (RT) based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. METHODS 20 patients with brain tumor and 17 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were randomly selected. Each patient underwent MR and CT scanning. For each patient, one observer contoured the...

A 73-year-old female developed right facial paralysis of House-Brackmann (H-B) grade III and was diagnosed with Bell's palsy. After three months steroid therapy, she progressive hearing loss, an MRI revealed a tumor in the internal auditory canal. Within few months, nerve palsy recurred, patient treated Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The irradiated region disappeared, but new dysphagia observed, par...