Corticothalamic slow oscillations of neuronal activity determine internal brain states. At least in the cortex, the electrical activity is associated with large neuronal Ca(2+) transients. Here we implemented an optogenetic approach to explore causal features of the generation of slow oscillation-associated Ca(2+) waves in the in vivo mouse brain. We demonstrate that brief optogenetic stimulati...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine what changes occur in brain waves when patients with stroke receive mirror therapy intervention. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 14 patients with stroke (6 females and 8 males). The subjects were assessed by measuring the alpha and beta waves of the EEG (QEEG-32 system CANS 3000). The mirror therapy intervention was deliv...

pulse sequence, applied ca 110 s after dissolution of the hyperpolarized N-choline sample. Figure 1. Top: The H spectrum resulting from the non-refocused INEPT pulse sequence, applied ca 35 s after dissolution of the hyperpolarized N-choline sample. Bottom: a thermal-equilibrium scan using the same sequence (magnified). Measurement of Hyperpolarized N-choline using Polarization Transfer with H ...

Data from three previous experiments were analyzed to test the hypothesis that brain waves of spoken or written words can be represented by the superposition of a few sine waves. First, we averaged the data over trials and a set of subjects, and, in one case, over experimental conditions as well. Next we applied a Fourier transform to the averaged data and selected those frequencies with high e...

We analyze the global stability properties of birhythmicity in a self-sustained system with random excitations. The model is a multi-limit-cycle variation in the van der Pol oscillator introduced to analyze enzymatic substrate reactions in brain waves. We show that the two frequencies are strongly influenced by the nonlinear coefficients alpha and beta. With a random excitation, such as a Gauss...

Whenever we watch the world around us or dream about it when sleeping, our neurons produce ‘‘brain waves’’—coordinated patterns of firing that create electrical signals that repeat in regular patterns. But exactly what messages are encoded in these brain waves, and how they are encoded, is still largely unresolved. The problem is that the brain has its own language for sending and receiving sig...

Correspondence expeditions. Indeed, even in 1993 Fiennes and Stroud needed to be picked up from an ice shelf before reaching its edge, having totally exhausted their energy reserves man-hauling across the Antarctic continent. Thus, even today, while technological advancements have engineered out certain weaknesses of the human condition, others remain as limiting factors that must be stretched ...

This study compared professional and amateur classical musicians matched for age, gender, and education on reaction times during the Stroop color-word test, brainwaves during an auditory ERP task and during paired reaction-time tasks, responses on the Gibbs Sociomoral Reflection questionnaire, and self-reported frequencies of peak experiences. Professional musicians were characterized by: (1) l...

Here, we ask whether placebo-suggestion (without any form of hypnotic induction) can modulate the resolution of cognitive conflict. Naïve participants performed a Stroop Task while wearing an EEG cap described as a "brain wave" machine. In Experiment 1, participants were made to believe that the EEG cap would either enhance or decrease their color perception and performance on the Stroop task. ...