The mechanisms involved in the production of hypoglycemic coma were studied in rabbits. Measurements were made in brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma of osmolality, Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), water content, exogenous insulin, glucose, lactate, and glutamate, while pH, Pco(2), Po(2), and bicarbonate were evaluated in arterial blood, 35 min after i.v. injection of insulin (50 U/kg), plasma gluc...

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water transport protein expressed in glial cell plasma membranes, including glial cell foot processes lining the blood-brain barrier. AQP4 deletion in mice reduces cytotoxic brain edema produced by different pathologies. To determine whether AQP4 is rate-limiting for brain water accumulation and whether altered AQP4 expression, as occurs in various pathologies, could hav...

The permissible limit of arsenic content in drinking water is 0.05 ppm, whereas, in many parts of West Bengal the arsenic level in drinking water is 0.1 ppm, frequently 0.3 ppm and even 3.0 ppm, though rarely. In order to assess possible risk to brain function by drinking such water, rats were given arsenic mixed in drinking water at the above four concentrations for 40 days. There was increase...

Recent work by the authors and others has shown that MR imaging is more sensitive than CT in the detection of acute stroke. To separate the effects of water content and water structure on MR signal intensity, we undertook two sets of experiments that used simple model systems: gelatin gels with increasing water content and hardened hens' eggs. CT and MR were performed on both systems. On CT the...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis and also a strong vascular permeability factor. Blockade of VEGF may have a potential to treat cerebral edema after brain injury. We evaluated the effect of VGA1155 (5- [N-Methyl-N-(4-octadecyloxyphenyl)acetyl]amino-2- methylthiobenzoic acid), a novel binding antagonist of VEGF, on cerebral edema after transient focal...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We tested in a rat meningitis model 1) whether pneumococcal cell wall components are capable of producing changes in regional cerebral blood flow, brain water content, and intracranial pressure similar to those we have already observed after intracisternal inoculation of live pneumococci and 2) whether antioxidants would modulate these alterations in the early phase of me...

We studied whether the biomechanical properties of brain play an important role in the development of early ischemic brain edema in cats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain tissue pressure, tissue compliance, and tissue resistance were measured from the gray matter in the core and the periphery of the middle cerebral artery territory for 6 hours after occlusion. Regional cerebral blood...

Neuroprotective therapy targeting the complement cascade may reduce injury associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the role of C3a-receptor antagonist (C3aRA) after ICH in mice. Autologous whole blood was infused into the right striatum of mice that were treated with C3aRA or vehicle, using both a pre- and postinjury dosing regimen. Hematoma volume, brain water content, ...

clinical states. It was demonstrated in polygraphic studies that the large plateau waves coincided with a reduction in local cortical blood flow and available oxygen. Clinical improvement after the administration of steroids was reflected in the record by the virtual disappearance of high pressure waves 12 hours after commencement of treatment. Similar records were obtained from patients with c...