Lung contusion is an entity involving injury to the alveolar capillaries, without any tear or cut in the lung tissue. This results in accumulation of blood and other fluids within the lung tissue. The excess fluid interferes with gas exchange leading to hypoxia. The pathophysiology of lung contusion includes ventilation/perfusion mismatching, increased intrapulmonary shunting, increased lung wa...

OBJECT Although it is generally acknowledged that a sufficient cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is necessary for treatment of severe head injury, the optimum CPP is still a subject of debate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various levels of blood pressure and, thereby, CPP on posttraumatic contusion volume. METHODS The left hemispheres of 60 rats were subjected to...

trauma is the most common reason in 1-34 years olds. in patient with multiple traumas, the head is the most common involved part. the importance of computed tomography (ct scan) in diagnosis of brain trauma is well established and ct of the brain is a choice method. finding lesion in brain traumatic patient is very important so goal of this study is finding of brain ct scan in traumatic patient...

background hemorrhagic progression of a contusion (hpc) is one of the main problems in neurosurgery, which is associated with several adverse effects and increasing the risk of mortality. the present study investigated the effect of transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (ffp) in the prevention of hpc. material and methods in this randomized clinical trial, 100 patients with cerebral contusion were...

Our study included 106 (46.1%) TBI patients suffered from pituitary dysfunction and 124 TBI patients with normal pituitary function. The differences between HPT and non-HPT were statistically significant in the initial CT scans showing basal fracture, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), brain contusion, epidural hematoma (EDH), subdural hematoma (SDH), and multiple hematoma as well as the midline sh...

Objective: The goal of this study were to identify the factors that may predict the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) patients, and to assist in the management of their treatment. Methods: We retrospectively studied 90 patients admitted to our hospital in the two-year period from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2004, with an initial computed tomographic (CT) diagnosis of tSAH. Follow-u...

BACKGROUNDS After traumatic brain injury (TBI), hemorrhagic progression of contusions (HPCs) occurs frequently. However, there is no established predictive score to identify high-risk patients for HPC. METHODS Consecutive patients who were hospitalized (2008-2013) with non-penetrating moderate or severe TBI were studied. The primary outcome was HPC, defined by both a relative increase in cont...

Treatment of pulmonary contusion when adequately established is very simple in most cases. Pathophysiological changes occur as a result of the effects produced by loss of chest wall integrity, accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, obstruction of the airways and lung dysfunction. The alveolar recruitment maneuver is the reopening of collapsed lung areas by increasing inspiratory pressure ...

It is unclear whether a single, brief, 15-minute episode of background anesthesia already modulates delayed secondary processes after experimental brain injury. Therefore, this study was designed to characterize three anesthesia protocols for their effect on molecular and histological study endpoints. Mice were randomly separated into groups that received sevoflurane (sevo), isoflurane (iso) or...

Hypertonic saline (HS) used at various concentration (3– 23.4%) has been consistently shown to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral water content in human traumatic brain injury (TBI) (1, 2). The mean pressure drop is usually 40% (3). HS is still used as a second-line therapy in adults (4) and children (5) with exhausted response to mannitol and barbiturates. Experimentally, HS is ...