In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 showed staining greater than 90 % 16 lectins but less 50 four lectins. Immortalized BIECs significantly different lectin binding profile few compared to cells. studied infectivity E. coli, Salmonella enterica, rotavirus, coron...

Two bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) fetal protection studies were done using a monovalent noncytopathic (NCP) BVDV vaccine containing type 1 BVDV. In study 1, thirty-two fetuses (23 vaccinates and nine controls) were recovered following fetal challenge with the type 1a BJ strain. Twenty of twenty-three fetuses from the vaccinates were negative for BVDV type 1 while all of the controls (nine ...

Both type-1 and type-2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are responsible for major losses in the cattle industry. However, several commercial BVDV vaccines contain only a type-1 strain. A vaccine trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of BVDV type-1 (Singer strain; BVDV-1) vaccine for protecting calves challenged with virulent BVDV type-2 (890 strain; BVDV-2). Thirty-eight BVD...

Genetic selection in livestock offers the opportunity to improve bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine response, but first we must define how vaccine response should be measured. For measuring humoral vaccine response, serum neutralization (SN) measures antibodies that can neutralize BVDV, but relative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is time consuming, technically demanding, a...

One function of N-linked glycans is to assist in the folding of glycoproteins by mediating interactions of the lectin-like chaperone proteins calnexin and calreticulin with nascent glycoproteins. These interactions can be prevented by inhibitors of the alpha-glucosidases, such as N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) and N-nonyl-DNJ (NN-DNJ), and this causes some proteins to be misfolded and retain...

Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has distinguished BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 species and an emerging putative third species (HoBi-like virus), recently detected in southern Italy, signaling the occurrence of natural infection in Europe. Recognizing the need to update the data on BVDV genetic variability in Italy for mounting local and European alerts, a wide collection of 5' UTR seq...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototype Pestivirus. BVDV infection is distributed worldwide and causes serious problems for the livestock industry. The thiosemicarbazone of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (TSC) is a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (NNI) of BVDV. All TSC-resistant BVDV variants (BVDV-TSCr T1-5) present an N264D mutation in the NS5B gene (RdRp) whereas the variant BVDV-T...

Thirty-three pestiviruses isolated from bovines on different farms in Chile were characterized at the molecular level. The 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of the isolates was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequently digested with restriction enzymes (RE) Bgl I, Xho I and Pst I. Furthermore, the isolates were amplified by differential RT-PCR, which se...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of cattle worldwide. The aim of present study was to determine the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of BVDV infection in dairy herds of Fars province, Iran. For initial screening, a total of 400 blood samples were collected from 12 industrial dairy herds with previous history of diarrhea, abortio...

We show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein forms ion channels in black lipid membranes. HCV p7 ion channels are inhibited by long-alkyl-chain iminosugar derivatives, which have antiviral activity against the HCV surrogate bovine viral diarrhea virus. HCV p7 presents a potential target for antiviral therapy.