INTRODUCTION: Hyaluronan (HA), a primary constituent of synovial fluid (SF), is an important contributor to the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage. Indeed, high molecular weight (MW) HA, ~800 kDa, has been shown to function effectively as a cartilage boundary lubricant in a dose dependant manner, and act synergistically with Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4, a mucin-like glycoprotein also found in...

This article presents an analysis of free vibration of elastically supported Timoshenko beams by using the spectral element method. The governing partial differential equation is elaborated to formulate the spectral stiffness matrix. Effectively, the non classical end boundary conditions of the beam are the primordial task to calibrate the phenomenon of the Timoshenko beam-soil foundation inter...

Telomerase elongates chromosome ends by addition of telomeric DNA repeats. The telomerase ribonucleoprotein can copy only a short template sequence within the telomerase RNA subunit. Here, we identify a region of telomerase RNA that is necessary for both correct 5' template boundary definition and high affinity telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) interaction. We also demonstrate that TERT m...

Variational frameworks based on level set methods are popular for the general problem of image segmentation. They combine different feature channels in an energy minimization approach. In contrast to other popular segmentation frameworks, e.g. the graph cut framework, current level set formulations do not allow much user interaction. Except for selecting the initial boundary, the user is barely...

Ewald summation has established as basic element of fast algorithms evaluating the Coulomb interaction energy of charged particle systems in three dimensions subject to periodic boundary conditions. In this context particle mesh routines, as the P3M method, and the P2NFFT, which is based on nonequispaced fast Fourier transforms (NFFT), should be mentioned. These methods treat the problem effici...

In this study, an impact behavior of spherical striker on a double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) is presented based on a three degree of freedom spring-mass model and the finite element (FE) simulations. The semi-analytical solution of the transverse impact of a striker on a DWCNT is investigated by using the elasticity nonlocal theory of Euler-Bernoulli (EBT) and Timoshenko (TBT) nanobeams. T...