The ABCD matrix method is used to simplifying the theoretical coupling efficiency calculation of Elegant Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian (EHChG) laser beams to a Single Mode Fiber (SMF) with a quadric lens formed on the tip. The integrals of coupling efficiency relation are calculated numerically by Boole method. Meanwhile, the structure parameters of surface-lensed fiber are optimized in numerical simul...

we derive whole series of new integral inequalities of the hardy-type, with non-conjugate exponents. first, we prove and discuss two equivalent general inequa-li-ties of such type, as well as their corresponding reverse inequalities. general results are then applied to special hardy-type kernel and power weights. also, some estimates of weight functions and constant factors are obtained. ...

Logic as a philosophical discipline originated in ancient Greece, at about the same time as mathematics was constituted as a deductive science. From ancient times two logical systems have survived – the Aristotelian syllogistic logic and the Stoic propositional logic. It took almost two thousand years, until in the works of Boole, Frege and Peano logic was turned into a formal discipline. The r...

In 1931, when he was only 25 years of age, the great Austrian logician Kurt Gödel (1906– 1978) published an epoch-making paper [16] (for an English translation see [8, pp. 5–38]), in which he proved that an effectively definable consistent mathematical theory which is strong enough to prove Peano’s postulates of elementary arithmetic cannot prove its own consistency. In fact, Gödel first establ...

in order to estimate the effects of the macrc~econornic indicators on the income distribution of iran, the time series data during the period of 1971-1991 were used. first the yammetric inequality indicators (the gini coefficients) were estimated for the years 1991-1972. the results show the lowest level of inequality in 1980 with g=0.42 and the highest level in 1982 with g=0.55. arzulysing the...

equitable distribution of income and economic growth are challenges for policy-makers. therefore, it is important to investigate the influencing factors of it. given that financial development is an important factor affecting on income inequality, in this study, the effect of financial development on the gini coefficient as income inequality index is examined with using panel data methods durin...