Weight-bearing bone is constantly adapting its structure and function to mechanical environments. Loading through routine exercises stimulates bone formation and prevents bone loss, but unloading through bed rest and cast immobilization as well as exposure to weightlessness during spaceflight reduces its mass and strength. In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying unloading-driven bone ada...

We examined, in immobilization, the effect of a diet high in sodium chloride (NaCl) on bone markers, nitrogen balance, and acid-base status. Eight healthy male test subjects participated in a 14-day head-down-tilt bed rest (HDBR) study. During the bed rest period they received, in a randomized crossover design, a high (7.7 meq Na(+)/kg body wt per day) and a low (0.7 meq Na(+)/kg body wt per da...

the presence of particles in liquid-solid fluidized beds enhances the bed heat transfer, because the movement of the particles leads to an increased turbulence in the system. moreover, the violent movement of the particles has a positive effect on fouling of the heat transfer surface. the aim of this investigation was to perform systematic measurements of bed voidage and heat transfer coefficie...

The prevalence of colonization with toxigenic Clostridium difficile among patients with hematological malignancies and/or bone marrow transplant at admission to a 566-bed academic medical care center was 9.3%, and 13.3% of colonized patients developed symptomatic disease during hospitalization. This population may benefit from targeted C. difficile infection control interventions. Infect Contro...

Full-thickness burns around the knee joint are usually associated with exposure of bone, tendon or ligaments. Following excision of the deep burns, there is no viable wound bed to which skin grafts can be applied. Although vacuum-assisted closure has been used to encourage granulation tissue, exposure of the tendons and ligaments following excision usually requires muscle flaps or fasciocutaneo...

Immobilization in hospitalized medical patients or during simulation of spaceflight induced deconditioning has been shown to be associated with loss of muscle mass and bone. Resistance vibrating exercise (RVE) and/or high protein diet are countermeasures, which are capable of mitigating the adverse effects of immobilization. We investigated the effect of these countermeasures on the coagulation...

Bone undergoes a constant process of remodeling in which mass is retained or lost in response to the relative activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Weight-bearing exercise-which is critical for retaining skeletal integrity-promotes osteoblast function, whereas a lack of mechanical stimulation, as seen during spaceflight or prolonged bed rest, can lead to osteoporosis. Thus, understanding mec...

We report here on a 60-year-old male with alcohol-related macrocytic anemia. He was hospitalized on three occasions with hemoglobin < 9.0 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume > 130 fL. Careful history taking and observation of his blood status led us to make a correct diagnosis. At the time of each of his admissions, only with bed rest and abstinence from alcohol did our patient dramatically show s...

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables fully dense biomimetic implants in the designed geometries from preferred materials such as titanium and its alloys. Titanium aluminum vanadium (Ti6Al4V) is one of pioneer metal alloys for bone implant applications, however, reasons eliminating toxic effects Ti6Al4V maintaining adequate mechanical strength have increased potential commercially pure (cp-Ti) to...