can be understood to describe everything caused in a world such as I (according to T ). The models of causal theory T are those interpretations for which what is true is exactly what is caused: that is, the interpretations I such that I is the unique model of T I . This fixpoint condition makes the logic nonmonotonic; adding causal rules to T may produce new models. Causal theories allow for co...

"Stereotactic" is an exact radiotherapy treatment modality which implements invasive and non-invasive facilities for improving precise dose delivery. Stereotactic refers to three-dimensional localization of a specific point in space by a unique set of coordinates that relate to a fixed external reference frame. An accurate delivery of radiation is attainable using these techniques with high pre...

In this paper, we present a novel index, called the Generalized Control Number (GCTN ), which evaluates the closeness of a given non-singular configuration of a hexapod with UCU-legs to the next singularity. The GCTN is invariant with respect to similarity transformations (choice of units) and under Euclidean motions of the reference frame (choice of fixed frame). Moreover, this index indicates...

The so-called self-other correspondence problem in imitation demands to find the transformation that maps the motor dynamics of one partner to our own. This requires a general purpose sensorimotor mechanism that transforms an external fixation-point (partner's shoulder) reference frame to one's own body-centered reference frame. We propose that the mechanism of gain-modulation observed in parie...

Localizing tactile stimuli on our body requires sensory information to be represented in multiple frames of reference along the sensory pathways. These reference frames include the representation of sensory information in skin coordinates, in which the spatial relationship of skin regions is maintained. The organization of the primary somatosensory cortex matches such somatotopic reference fram...

This paper proposes totally novel kinematics, statics and dynamics of a two-link manipulator and develops a control algorithm based on them which enables two-link manipulators behave more like human or animals. There are two main points: introduction of biarticular muscle/actuator coordination and utilization of the rotating reference frame instead of the fixed frame. These two points are also ...

In this paper, an unstructured Chimera mesh method is used to compute incompressible flow around a rotating body. To implement the pressure correction algorithm on unstructured overlapping sub-grids, a novel interpolation scheme for pressure correction is proposed. This indirect interpolation scheme can ensure a tight coupling of pressure between sub-domains. A moving-mesh finite volume approac...

Different approaches to the quantification of regional left ventricular (LV) function from two-dimensional echocardiographic (2-D echo) images were assessed for their ability to optimize interobserver reproducibility in a heterogeneous patient population and to minimize the variability of regional function observed in a homogeneous normal population. Areas, hemiaxis and perimeter measurements w...