PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients usually have lower urinary tract symptoms, such as frequency and urgency. Additionally, they frequently suffer from urinary tract infections. This study investigated dysfunction and chronic inflammation of the bladder urothelium in ESRD/CKD patients. METHODS This study enrolled 27 patients with CKD (n=13) or ESRD ...

PURPOSE We investigated the etiologies of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and compared urodynamic characteristics between different diagnostic groups in young men with chronic LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 308 men aged 18 to 50 years who had undergone a urodynamic study for chronic LUTS (≥6 months) without symptoms suggestive of chronic prostatitis. RESU...

Above ureteric orifices 3 layers – adventitia, smooth muscle, and urothelium. Haphazard arrangement of smooth muscle myofibrils. Acts as functional syncytium. No specific gap junctions, but ‘areas of close proximity’ 2 main populations of receptors, cholinergic (muscarinic) and adrenergic Muscarinic subtypes M2 and M3 in bladder smooth muscle. M2 80% population, but M3 functionally important Ad...

Diabetic cystopathy is a well-recognized complication of diabetes mellitus, which usually develops in middle-aged or elderly patients with long-standing and poorly controlled disease. It may have broad spectrum clinical presentations. Patients may be asymptomatic, or have a wide variety of voiding complaints from overactive bladder and urge incontinence to decreased bladder sensation and overfl...

The brain's role in the development and maintenance of bladder control is critical, although its precise role in patient-reported complaints such as urgency and urine leakage is unknown. Functional brain imaging studies have advanced our knowledge of brain activity during the micturition cycle, showing multiple neuronal circuits involved as parts of a 'brain-bladder control network.' Yet, new a...

| February 2013 | 167 l e t t e r t O e d it O r reported to be normal, decreased, [6] or increased.[5] In a study, although the peak flow rate was significantly less than the control group, it was still in the normal range.[4] Chung and colleagues followed up some 11,000 female hyperthyroid patients for 3 years and found that the risk of developing urinary incontinence in them was more than in...

Disturbances of micturition are important in multiple sclerosis, not only because of their high incidence, the amount of discomfort and embarrassment they cause, and their contribution to the mortality of the disease, but because control of the excretory functions is the most important single factor which determines the patient's admission to hospital. Under satisfactory home conditions many pa...

While it is obvious that the combination of elevated intravesical pressure, urinary tract infection, and reflux can be devastating to the upper urinary tracts, it has been appreciated only recently that a single mechanism, obstruction due to disorders of vesicourethral function, can produce all three pathologic phenomena in neurologically normal children. Advances in pediatric urodynamics now p...