A genetic algorithm is developed to find the ridges in paper fingerprints. It is based on the fact that the ridges of the fingerprints are parallel. When scanning the fingerprint, line by line, the ideal noise-free gray level distribution should yield lines of black and white. The widths of these lines are not constant. The proposed genetic algorithm generates black and white lines of different...

We introduce a method to cluster large image collections. We first rescale and convert images into gray scales. We then threshold these scales to obtain black pixels and compute descriptors of the configurations of these black pixels. Finally, we cluster images based on their descriptors. In contrast to raster clustering, which uses the entire pixel raster for distance computations, our applica...

Introduction The problem of halftoning in digital printing has provided a splendid new example of a mathematical opportunity in modern technology. Digital halftoning is the technique used to display an image with a few immiscible colors discretely applied to paper. This problem involves various fields of science such as the physics of light, the biology of the human visual system, and the mathe...

If agents have perceptual limits, and cannot distinguish objects that are sufficiently similar, then immediate problems arise with this notion of rationality. For example, Mas-Colell, Whinston, and Green (1995) provide an example of an agent with limited visual perception, who cannot distinguish a white object from a gray one. Because preferences are assumed to be complete, and because the two ...

Patient 1 was a 33-year-old man who had had a tattoo placed on his right leg 4 years previously. Three months before consulting, he had the shield outlined in black and a gray flame added. Asymptomatic lesions appeared 2 weeks later and were treated unsuccessfully with topical corticosteroids and antibiotics. The patient was then referred to the dermatology department. Physical examination of t...

The importance, extent, and mode of interspecific gene flow for the evolution of species has long been debated. Characterization of genomic differentiation in a classic example of hybridization between all-black carrion crows and gray-coated hooded crows identified genome-wide introgression extending far beyond the morphological hybrid zone. Gene expression divergence was concentrated in pigmen...

In many Web service composition problems, information may be needed from Web services during the composition process. Existing research on Web service composition (WSC) procedures has generally assumed that this information will not change. We describe two ways to take such WSC procedures and systematically modify them to deal with volatile information. The black-box approach requires no knowle...

In MANETs, providing the security to the network from the routing attacks like black hole and gray hole is a big challenge. To resolve the above issues, in this paper we implement a cross layer based detection and authentication technique for secure multipath routing (CLDASR). In the authentication method, when a source wants to send a data packet or a RREQ packet, it generates a hash value als...