BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Carbapenems are therapeutic choice against infections caused by gram-negative bacilli including strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Resistance to these antibiotics is mediated by efflux pumps, porins, PBPs and ß-lactamases. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of existence of MBLs, OXAs and GES-1 betalactamase genes among clinical isolates of Acinetoba...

This study was to explore the molecular dissemination of P. aeruginosa producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) recovered from the different wards in a teaching hospital, Jilin. Among 240 isolates, 91 strains were isolated from burn wards and 149 strains from surgical wards. A total of 210 strains (87.5%) produced ESBLs, 30 strains (12.5%) didn't produce ESBLs. All ESBLs isolates showed ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the diversity of plasmids that carry bla(TEM-52) genes among Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica originating from animals, meat products and humans. METHODS A collection of 22 bla(TEM-52)-encoding plasmids was characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), replicon typing (by PCR or replicon sequencing), susceptibility testing, assessment of p...

The cannabinoid CB1 receptor system is critically involved in the control of associative fear memory formation within the amygdala-prefrontal cortical pathway. The CB1 receptor is found in high concentrations in brain structures that are critical for emotional processing, including the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the prelimbic division (PLC) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, t...

OBJECTIVES To develop a single multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect six different genetic types of carbapenemases already identified in Enterobacteriaceae (KPC, GES, NDM, IMP, VIM and OXA-48). METHODS A total of 58 bacterial isolates were tested. Thirty were previously characterized as resistant to carbapenems and documented by PCR and sequencing analysis to carry the following genes: bla(...

We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of three plasmids that encode CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-defined United Kingdom variants (strains A, C, and D) of the internationally prevalent Escherichia coli O25:H4-ST131 clone. Plasmid pEK499 (strain A; 117,536 bp) was a fusion of type FII and FIA replicons and harbored the following 10 ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Phenotyping is commonly used for detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production in gram-negative isolates. ESBLs are mainly coded for by three important genes, namely bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M). In this study we used a multiplex PCR as a rapid method to identify two common genes (bla(CTX-M) & bla(SHV)) responsible for extended spectrum beta lactama...

Basolateral amygdala (BLA) activation by emotional arousal modulates memory-related processes in the hippocampus. We have shown (Akirav and Richter-Levin, 1999b) that activating the BLA before perforant path (PP) tetanization has a biphasic effect on hippocampal plasticity; priming the BLA immediately before PP tetanization results in the enhancement of dentate gyrus (DG) long-term potentiation...

Emotions generally improve memory, and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is believed to mediate this effect. After emotional arousal, BLA neurons increase their firing rate, facilitating memory consolidation in BLA targets. The enhancing effects of BLA activity extend to various types of memories, including motor learning, which is thought to involve activity-dependent plasticity at corticostriata...

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) have both been implicated in mediating anxiety-related behaviors, but the functional contribution of BLA inputs to the vHPC has never been directly investigated. Here we show that activation of BLA-vHPC synapses acutely and robustly increased anxiety-related behaviors, while inhibition of BLA-vHPC synapses decreased anxiety-related b...