OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of cardiac resyncronization therapy (CRT) on QT dispersion (QTd), JT dispersion (JTd) and transmural dispersion of re-polarization (TDR), markers of heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in a study population with severe heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty patients (43 male, 7 female, aged 60.2 ± 3.1 years) suffering from co...

Rhabdomyoma is a well characterised entity in a neonate. Herein, we report a massive biventricular rhabdomyoma in a neonate presenting with cyanosis and congestive heart failure which was confirmed on autopsy. The report is for documentation of an unusually large tumour.

A CRT-D patient presented with loss of biventricular pacing associated with heart failure symptoms. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with alternating wide unpaced and narrower paced QRS complexes. Device interrogation showed T-wave oversensing on all paced biventricular beats, with the following sinus P-wave not tracked due to it falling in the post-ventricular atrial refractory period...

BACKGROUND Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) and high pacing thresholds (HPT) hinder biventricular stimulation in patients (pts) undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). A new quadripolar left ventricular (LV) lead (Quartet 1458Q, St. Jude Medical) with increased number of pacing configuration, might overcome this problem. METHODS All consecutive pts in whom a standard bipolar lead i...

Biventricular pacing has been suggested in end-stage heart failure. We present a 59-year-old patient undergoing second re-do CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) and carotid artery endarterectomy. Ejection fraction was 15%, QRS-width 175 ms. Following the carotid and CABG procedure, an implanted single-chamber ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) was upgraded to permanent biventricular D...

The primary mechanism of benefit associated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is attributed to improvement in left ventricular (LV) function resulting from restoration of LV contractile synchrony.1,2 The vast majority of implanted CRT-capable devices are programmed to provide the therapy by simultaneous pacing of the right ventricle and LV (biventricular stimulation). This mode of CR...

Resynchronization therapy involving right ventricular endocardial and left ventricular epicardial pacing improves cardiac output, quality of life, and New York Heart Association functional class in patients with congestive heart failure. Although a great deal of attention has been directed at showing the mechanical benefits and in fine-tuning the biventricular pacing configuration and protocol,...

Figure 1 Changes in the 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) during biventricular pacing with different left ventricular (LV) pacing configurations. A: Extended bipolar pacing between LV1 and right ventricular coil. B: Extended bipolar pacing between LV4 and right ventricular coil. C: LV bipolar pacing between LV1 (anode) and LV4 (cathode) with an output of 4.0 V/0.4 ms. The similar morphology to ...