Mummification was practised in ancient Egypt for more than 3000 years, emerging from initial observations of buried bodies preserved by natural desiccation. The use of organic balms (and other funerary practices) was a later introduction necessitated by more humid burial environments, especially tombs. The dark colour of many mummies led to the assumption that petroleum bitumen (or natural asph...

The breaking and coalescence process in bitumen emulsions during their application strongly influences the resulting long-term mechanical performance of the cold mix asphalt. This phase separation process is affected by physico-chemical changes at the bitumen/water interface. This paper describes the effects of addition of different salts on the destabilization of bitumen emulsions. This study ...

Bitumen’s self-healing capability is critical to the bitumen industry’s sustainable development. This work attempts examine property and fatigue behavior of using waste cooking oil (WCO) polyphosphoric acid (PPA) in modification. Different components WCO were mixed with PPA for initial The linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test was used evaluate modified bitumen. To assess extent healing after a fat...

asphalt modification/reinforcement has received considerable attention as viable solutions to enhance flexible pavement performance. this is mainly prompted by the unsatisfactory performance of traditional road materials exposed to dramatic increases and changes in traffic patterns. this paper presents the evaluation of fatigue behaviour of nano reinforced stone mastic asphalt mixtures. fatigue...

Oil sands are surface exposed in river valley outcrops in northeastern Alberta, where flat slabs (tablets) of weathered, bitumen-saturated sandstone can be retrieved from outcrop cliffs or from riverbeds. Although the average yearly surface temperature of this region is low (0.7°C), we found that the temperatures of the exposed surfaces of outcrop cliffs reached 55 to 60°C on sunny summer days,...

Global demand for petroleum keeps increasing while traditional supplies decline. One alternative to the use of conventional crude oils is the utilization of Canadian bitumen. Raw bitumen is a dense, viscous, semi-liquid that is diluted with lighter crude oil to permit its transport through pipelines to terminals where it can then be shipped to global markets. When spilled, it naturally weathers...

This paper is motivated by the limited research available evaluating comprehensive effects of natural rubber bitumen modification (NR) for pavement applications. A detailed laboratory programme was carried out to evaluate influence NR on high-intermediate-low temperature performance, including rheological characterisations and performance-related tests (fatigue cracking, thermal fracture perman...

Considering the application scenarios of rubber granules from waste tires in bitumen modification process (wet or dry process), both aerobic and anaerobic aging may occur. The current study aims to investigate thermal behavior tire samples using nanoindentation environment scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) tests. Both tests with different durations were conducted on samples. complex moduli ag...

Bituminous mix design is a delicate balancing act among the proportions of various aggregate sizes and bitumen content. For a given aggregate gradation, the optimum bitumen content is estimated by satisfying a number of mix design parameters. This article briefly discusses the current approaches in bituminous mix design and singles out the issues involved.