in the present work, the effect of ca(no3)2.4h2o and (nh4)2hpo4 primary solutions as the beginning materials in synthesis of a calcium phosphate phase, was examined. so, we investigated the wet chemical reactions in solution at different temperatures by a hydrothermal condition aimed at hydroxyapatite (ca10(po4)6(oh)2); (hap) synthesis. the powders were investigated by xrd,sem, fe-tem, hrtem, e...

BACKGROUND Conventional ways of making bio-electrodes are generally complicated, expensive and unconformable. Here we describe for the first time the method of applying Ga-based liquid metal ink as drawable electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes. Such material owns unique merits in both liquid phase conformability and high electrical conductivity, which provides flexible ways for making electrical ...

carbon nanotubes (cnts) are high aspect ratio allotropes of carbon. because of their unique physical and chemical characteristics, they are nominated for a vast variety of applications in the biomedical field. their very low solubility is the only problem of them which is solved by different methods of functionalization. after discoveries in the last few years of the capacity of cnts to penetra...

abstract wenner direct contact method is a method of estimating apparent electrical conductivity (eca) of agricultural soils in situ. this method can be affected by factors such as quality of electrodes in contact with soil, type of employed electric current, moisture content, clay content and compaction of soil. in this research, the effect of electrode type (rod and plate) and electric curren...

Test and Simulation are the only verification techniques used for any biomedical devices such as pacemaker system, implantable cardioverter/defibrillators (ICDs) etc. The construction of formal models of Pacemaker systems is a considerable practical challenge. Formal modeling of an artificial Pacemaker system is a case study proposed by the software quality research laboratory at McMaster Unive...

a modified electrode was prepared by modification of the carbon paste electrode (cpe) with graphene nano-sheets. the fabricated modified electrode exhibited an electrocatalytic activity toward gallic acid (ga) oxidation because of good conductivity, low electron transfer resistance and catalytic effect. the graphene modified cpe had a lower overvoltage and enhanced electrical current respect to...

One of the most serious obstacles in the clinical implementation of myoelectric control arm prostheses is the interface with the amputee, particularly the high level or the bilateral amputee . The need with many systems to monitor reliably up to nine myoelectric signals from muscles as remote as the upper trapezius, pectoralis and latissmusdorsi requires complex harnessing techniques which to n...