Roadmaps towards sustainable bioeconomy, including the production of biofuels, in many EU countries mostly rely on biomass use. However, although biomass is renewable, the efficiency of biomass production is too low to be able to fully replace the fossil fuels. The use of land for fuel production also introduces ethical problems in increasing the food price. Harvesting solar energy by the photo...

Energy in algal oil 37.90 Energy in biogas from residual biomass 50.00 Estimated as 22.85 MJ kg 1 of urea and 2.94 MJ kg 1 of diammonium phosphate. Using sedimentation followed by continuous vacuum belt filters. Approximate only in view of the developmental nature of algal oil recovery processes. Estimated as 80.4 MJ m 2 of facility area divided by a 20 year working life and the mass of oil pro...

Renewable and carbon neutral biofuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. The viability of the first generation biofuels production is however questionable because of the conflict with food supply. Microalgal biofuels are a viable alternative. The oil productivity of many microalgae exceeds the best producing oil crops. This paper aims to analyze and promote integration...

considered to be the cleanest liquid fuel, bioethanol can be a reliable alternative to fossil fuels. it is produced by fermentation of sugar components of plant materials. the common onions are considered to be a favorable source of fermentation products as they have high sugar contents as well as contain various nutrients. this study focused on the effective production of ethanol from an endem...

Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels. To be a viable alternative, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies. We use these criteria to evaluate, through l...

The 2009 Renewable Energy Directive mandates European Union member-states’ road transport fuel to comprise a minimum of 10% renewable content by 2020. This target is expected to be met predominantly from biofuels. However, scientific evidence is increasingly questioning the ability of biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions when factors such as indirect land-use change are taken into consid...

Petroleum prices are increasing day by day and for fueling we are completely dependent on the fossil fuels. Sources of fossil fuels are depleting continuously due to the increasing demand of petroleum products. Renewable carbon neutral transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. There are many options in this area, but unlike solar, nuclear, and fossil fuels, bi...

The core objective of this paper is to analyse the economic, ecological and energetic perspectives of biofuels second generation compared to biofuels of first generation and fossil fuels in a dynamic framework up to 2050. The most important result of this analysis is that in Europe second generation biofuels might become economically competitive between 2020 and 2030. Yet, this will only be ach...