Bilevel programming (see Bilevel programming: formulation) is ideally suited to model situations where the decision maker does not have full control over all decision variables. Five such situations are described in this article. The rst example involves the improvement of a road network through either capacity expansion , traac signals synchronization, vehicle guidance systems, etc. While mana...

This study deals with the effects of a supply chain (SC) with single product, multiple retailers and a manufacturer, where the manufacturer(he) produces lotsize of the product that contains a random portion of imperfect quality item. The imperfect quality products are sold in a secondary shop. The new contribution of this paper is a new non-linear demand function. Demand of the end customers va...

In this paper, we consider the problem of network design for hazardous material transportation where the government designates a network, and the carriers choose the routes on the network. We model the problem as a bilevel network flow formulation and analyze the bilevel design problem by comparing it to three other decision scenarios. The bilevel model is difficult to solve and may be ill-pose...

Bilevel programming problems are a class of optimization problems with hierarchical structure where one of the constraints is also an optimization problem. Inexact restoration methods were introduced for solving nonlinear programming problems a few years ago. They generate a sequence of, generally, infeasible iterates with intermediate iterations that consist of inexactly restored points. In th...