By combining new data on bilateral asset holdings with data on securities regulation in an empirical gravity model, it is found that bilateral differences in securities regulation lead to decreased portfolio holdings. Hence, regulatory harmonization can foster financial integration. The results are especially strong for equity holdings. It is verified that the results do not just reflect genera...

This paper begins to explore the determinants of the topological properties of the international-trade network (ITN). We fit bilateral-trade flows using a standard gravity equation to build a " residual " ITN where trade-link weights are depurated from geographical distance, size, border effects, trade agreements, and so on. We then compare the topological properties of the original and residua...

This research investigates the extent to which countries use public standards as a means of political retaliation in international policy arena. We match World Trade Organization notifications Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) with SPS committee data on Specific Concerns annual, bilateral trade flows test whether targeted standard respond barrier their own. find that this type retaliatory behavi...

â â â  â  â  abstract â  this paper aims to identify key challenges facing iran and south korea in their bilateral trade and investment relations. in particular, it is concerned with the policy implications which can be useful for policy makers and business people of both countries. for this purpose, we review and analyze the recent developments of the iranian economy and bilateral trade and in...

Recent developments, including the analysis of firm-level adjustment to falling trade costs, have contributed to a revival of interest in intra-industry trade (IIT). Most empirical work still relies on the standard Grubel-Lloyd measure. This however refers only to international trade, disregarding income flows stimulated by repatriated profits of multinational firms. Given the overwhelming impo...

The paper investigates the impact of EMU on foreign direct investment flows. Using the option value approach to investment decisions, it is possible to show how exchange rate uncertainty hinders cross-border investment flows. By permanently fixing bilateral exchange rates, a currency union can then be expected to spur international investment. Results from a gravity model on a sample of OECD co...

This paper exploits a survey of manufacturing firms in five transitioning countries to evaluate the factors that affect whether or not information on contractual disputes between firms is disseminated to other market participants. We find that these reputation flows are channeled both through informal communication among firms as well as through third party organizations; in addition, they are ...

This article has considered the volume and direction of Iran’s trade using the gravity model. The major issue in this analysis is to explore why Iran over or under-traded with the 76 countries relative to the predicted trade flows of the model. The study attempts to explore the reasons from the respect of both the model itself and Iran’s trade structure. This is done by analysing the performanc...

The paper makes an indetail overview of the structure trade exchange goods Macedonia and explores determinants its bilateral flows using gravity model. analysis includes data on 40 partners in period from 2005-2019. used variables model are: GDP per capita difference, population, distance relative endowments factors production (capital, land labour). In most analyzed regressions coefficients su...

A particular country’s productive knowledge and sophistication become a crucial determinant for the exported products in increasingly integrated global trade. However, studies that emphasize connection between economic complexity trade flows are still sparse. This research aims to examine role of on bilateral 27 countries COMESA East Asia using gravity model from 1995 till 2019. Based countries...