To the Editors: Acquired progressive esotropia in patients with high myopia1 is caused by conversion of lateral rectus muscle function from abduction to infraduction, leading to impaired abduction and supraduction.2 Imaging techniques have revealed abnormal extraocular muscle position in these patients; the lateral rectus muscle is displaced inferiorly and the superior rectus muscle is shifted ...

Tenotomy or tenectomy is at present the most usual procedure for diminishing the action of the superior oblique muscle (SO). Hughes and Bogart (1942) described the recession of the trochlea but this procedure has not been generally accepted. Foster (1946) performed a recession of the SO after temporary division of the superior rectus with a reasonably good result, but his technique was apparent...

Tenotomy or tenectomy is at present the most usual procedure for diminishing the action of the superior oblique muscle (SO). Hughes and Bogart (1942) described the recession of the trochlea but this procedure has not been generally accepted. Foster (1946) performed a recession of the SO after temporary division of the superior rectus with a reasonably good result, but his technique was apparent...

Aims. To report outcomes of the simultaneous surgical correction of vertical rectus paralysis combined with moderate-to-large angle horizontal strabismus. Methods. If a preoperative forced duction test was positive, antagonist muscle weakening surgery was performed, and then augmented partial rectus muscle transposition (APRMT) + partial horizontal rectus recession-resection was performed 2 mon...

PURPOSE Classic teaching suggests that surgery for intermittent exotropia should be based on distance/near differences. True divergence excess exotropia should be treated with symmetric lateral rectus recession. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of large bilateral lateral rectus (LR) recession in large-angle intermittent exotropia. METHODS Thirty-three consecutive patients w...

PURPOSE To compare postoperative exodrift of the first unilateral lateral rectus (ULR) muscle recession with the exodrift of the second contralateral ULR muscle recession in patients with recurrent small-angle exotropia (XT). METHODS We evaluated the results of a second ULR muscle recession in 19 patients with recurrent XT with deviation angles under 25 prism diopter (PD), following a first p...

PURPOSE To evaluate the outcomes of a surgical procedure involving the muscle union of the superior rectus (SR) and lateral rectus (LR) muscles with or without medial rectus (MR) recession for the treatment of strabismus associated with high myopia and the anatomic changes from before and after surgery. METHODS Thirty-five eyes of 20 patients who had undergone a muscle union of the SR and LR ...