A photonic crystal fiber-based sensing head is proposed for strain measurements. The sensor comprises a Hi-Bi PCF sensing head to measure interferometric signals in-reflection. An experimental background study of the sensing head is conducted through an optical backscatter reflectometer confirming the theoretical predictions, also included. A cost effective setup is proposed where a laser is us...

We present a systematic investigation of the edge states two-dimensional {\alpha}-bismuthene ({\alpha}-Bi) structures self-assembled on HOPG substrates, using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. The measurements are carried out for 3ML, 5ML 7ML thick Bi structures. Our spectroscopy studies reveal clear features at edges structures, positions (ESs) coincide with topographical step e...

Interest in reconstruction of the interosseous ligament (IOL) of the forearm in the setting of longitudinal radio-ulnar dissociation has increased in recent years with hopes of improving clinical outcomes. This increased interest has been accompanied by research on biomechanics of the IOL. However, little is known about stress and strain in the IOL under externally applied forearm loads. This i...

This paper describes the use of a system of semantic rules to generate noun compounds, vague or polyse-mous words, and cases of metonymy. The rules are bi-directional and are used by the understanding system to interpret the same constructions.

Abstract Zirconia-based shape memory ceramics (SMCs) exhibit anisotropic mechanical response when undergoing elastic deformations as well during austenite–martensite phase transformation. This behavior results in different types of strain incompatibility at grain boundaries, which we study here using a micromechanical model. A single-crystal model is implemented to provide full mechanistic thre...

Compression creep tests were performed on the ternary 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi (wt.%, abbreviated Sn-Ag-Bi) Pb-free alloy. The test temperatures were: −25 °C, 25 °C, 75 °C, 125 °C, and 160 °C (± 0.5 °C). Four loads were used at the two lowest temperatures and five at the higher temperatures. The specimens were tested in the as-fabricated condition or after having been subjected to one of two air a...