In this paper, a modified TOPSIS (techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) approach for solving bi-level multi-objective programming (BL-MOP) problems with fuzzy parameters is presented. These fuzzy parameters are assumed to be characterized by fuzzy numerical data, reflecting the experts' imprecise or fuzzy understanding of the nature of the parameters in the problem fo...

On the basis of travel time reliability, this paper puts forward the concepts of absolute reliability and relative reliability to better assess road network; simultaneously, regional traffic road network reliability formula is deducted according to series and parallel connection of link, OD pair and road network. Finally, a bi-level programming model is established to optimize road network. The...

______________________ Abstract: Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply...