The optimization of offshore wind farms is mainly performed through the deployment and submarine cables to maximize power output minimize cable costs. However, above results are affected by wake effect, equipment layout, cost cables. To effectively complete turbines lines, first, a bi-level constrained model based on maximum profit shortest route proposed in this paper; then, differential evolu...

The planning of urban bus-only lane networks is an important measure to improve bus service and bus priority. To determine the effective arrangement of bus-only lanes, a bi-level programming model for urban bus lane layout is developed in this study that considers accessibility and budget constraints. The goal of the upper-level model is to minimize the total travel time, and the lower-level mo...

The multi-level programming problem is defined as an n-person nonzero-sum game with perfect information in which the players move sequentially. The bi-level linear case is addressed in detail. Solutions are obtained by recasting this problem as a standard mathematical probram and appealing to its implicitly separable structure. The reformulated optimization problem is linear save for a ~ompleme...