background: patients with diabetes mellitus type ii suffer from hyperglycemia because they are not able to use the insulin that they produce, often due to inadequate function of insulin receptors. there are some evidences that this deficiency is inherited in a dominant autosomal manner and leads to the malfunction of the pancreatic beta cells resulting in insulin excretion disorders. in this st...

The goal of the two-sample test (a.k.a. the homogeneity test) is, given two sets of samples, to judge whether the probability distributions behind the samples are the same or not. In this paper, we propose a novel non-parametric method of two-sample test based on a least-squares density ratio estimator. Through various experiments, we show that the proposed method overall produces smaller type-...

It is well recognised that low statistical power increases the probability of type II error, that is it reduces the probability of detecting a difference between groups, where a difference exists. Paradoxically, low statistical power also increases the likelihood that a statistically significant finding is actually falsely positive (for a given p-value). Hence, ethical concerns regarding studie...

Label noise in data has long been an important problem supervised learning applications as it affects the effectiveness of many widely used classification methods. Recently, real-world applications, such medical diagnosis and cybersecurity, have generated renewed interest Neyman–Pearson (NP) paradigm, which constrains more severe type error (e.g., Type I error) under a preferred level while min...

abstract introduction : celiac disease (cd) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.  this study reports evaluated prevalence of cd in patients with beta-thalassemia major. materials and methods: in this case-control study in a period of 3 years  which was performed on 620 children in two groups of  beta-thalassemia major  patients (n=20...

A central problem in Binary Hypothesis Testing (BHT) is to determine the optimal tradeoff between Type I error (referred as false alarm) and II miss) error. In this context, exponential rate of convergence miss probability -- sample size tends infinity given some (positive) restrictions on alarm probabilities a fundamental question address theory. Considering more realistic context BHT with fin...