Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been attributed to overexuberant host immunity or the emergence of harmful intestinal flora. The transcription factor T-bet orchestrates inflammatory genetic programs in both adaptive and innate immunity. We describe a profound and unexpected function for T-bet in influencing the behavior of host inflammatory activity and commensal bacteria. T-bet deficiency...

Bacteria have developed an impressive ability to survive and propagate in highly diverse and changing environments by evolving phenotypic heterogeneity. Phenotypic heterogeneity ensures that a subpopulation is well prepared for environmental changes. The expression bet hedging is commonly (but often incorrectly) used by molecular biologists to describe any observed phenotypic heterogeneity. In ...

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic exponent p ≥ 1. Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be the Lie algebra of G. Note that G acts on G and on g by the adjoint action and on g by the coadjoint action. (For any k-vector space V we denote by V ∗ the dual vector space.) Let GC be the reductive group over C of the same type as G. Let UG be the variety...

Four experiments were conducted to determine whether betaine (BET) could replace dietary methionine (MET) in diets for weanling pigs. Pigs in each experiment were allotted to treatments on the basis of weight in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated four (Exp. 4), five (Exp. 1 and 2), or six (Exp. 3) times with five or six pigs per replicate. In Exp. 1, pigs were fed...

INTRODUCTION The BET family of bromodomain-containing proteins constitute epigenetic readers that bind to acetylated lysine residues of core histones, thereby translating epigenetic histone marks to effects on gene expression. BET inhibitors are currently emerging as promising therapeutic agents for treatment of various pathological conditions. Here, we explored the potential of using BET inhib...

BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the aberrant activation of T-lymphocytes. Since T-bet is the principal transcription factor for the differentiation of type-1 helper T-lymphocyte, we study the impact of urinary T-bet mRNA expression in clinically quiescent SLE patients on the risk of subsequent disease flare. METHODS We studied 60 quiescent SLE patients. Urina...

NFκB (Nuclear Factor-κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling elicits global transcriptional changes by activating cognate promoters and through genome-wide remodeling of cognate regulatory elements called "super enhancers". BET (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain) protein family inhibitor studies have implicated BET protein member BRD4 and possibly other BET proteins in NFκB-d...

The transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and T-bet control the differentiation of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T helper type (Th)1 cells. Here we compare the role of T-bet and STAT1 in the initiation and regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease initiated by Th1 cells. T-bet-deficient mice immunized with myelin oligode...

Foamy viruses (spumaretroviruses) represent a retroviral genus which exhibits unusual features relating it to pararetroviruses. Previously, we reported the existence of a protein species harboring Env, Bel, and Bet epitopes in human foamy virus (HFV)-infected cells (M. L. Giron, F. Rozain, M. C. Debons-Guillemin, M. Canivet, J. Périès, and R. Emanoil-Ravier, J. Virol. 67:3596-3600, 1993). Here,...

Despite a high similarity with homologous protein families, only few proteins trigger an allergic immune response with characteristic TH2 polarization. This puzzling observation is illustrated by the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a and its hypoallergenic protein isoforms, e.g., Bet v 1d. Given the key role of proteolytic processing in antigen presentation and T cell polarization, we invest...