JCB • VOLUME 170 • NUMBER 7 • 2005 1016 New bend on budding OPII vesicles form from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Now, Marcus Lee, Randy Schekman (University of California, Berkeley), and Lelio Orci (University of Geneva, Switzerland) find that insertion of the amphipathic helix of the Sar1 GTPase causes membrane deformation that initiates, and eventually ends, this vesicle formation process....

We present new algorithms for labeling a set P of n points in the plane with labels that are aligned to the left of the bounding box of P . The points are connected to their labels by curves (leaders) that consist of two segments: a horizontal segment, and a second segment at a fixed angle with the first. Our algorithm finds a collection of nonintersecting leaders that minimizes the total numbe...

We study Vertex Contact representations of Paths on a Grid (VCPG). In such a representation, the vertices of G are represented by a family of interiorly disjoint grid-paths on a square grid. Adjacencies are represented by contacts between an endpoint of one grid-path and an interior point of another grid-path. Defining u → v if the path of u ends on the path of v, we obtain an orientation on G ...

In an orthogonal drawing of a plane graph each vertex is drawn as a point and each edge is drawn as a sequence of vertical and horizontal line segments. A bend is a point at which the drawing of an edge changes its direction. Every plane graph of the maximum degree at most four has an orthogonal drawing, but may need bends. A simple necessary and sufficient condition has not been known for a pl...

Given a graph G with n vertices and a set S of n points in the plane, a point-set embedding of G on S is a planar drawing such that each vertex of G is mapped to a distinct point of S. A geometric point-set embedding is a point-set embedding with no edge bends. This paper studies the following problem: The input is a set S of n points, a planar graph G with n vertices, and a geometric point-set...

The propagation of bend and shear waves through an elastic rod is investigated in the framework of geometrically exact nonlinear elasticity. The model allows for shear, extension/compression, bend and twist thus enabling the study of the dynamics of all types of elastic deformations. Numerical and analytical solutions demonstrate that the propagation of planar bend or shear disturbances of fini...

Many proteins interact with and deform double-stranded DNA in cells. Single-molecule experiments have studied the elasticity of DNA with helix-deforming proteins, including proteins that bend DNA. These experiments increase the need for theories of DNA elasticity which include helix-deforming proteins. Previous theoretical work on bent DNA has examined a long DNA molecule with many nonspecifica...

Tooth movements produced by a canine retraction spring were calculated. Although a gable bend and an anti-rotational bend were incorporated into the spring, the canine tipped and rotated initially. Retraction force decreased and moment-to-force ratio increased after the spring legs closed. Then, the initial tipping and rotation began to be corrected. As a result, the canine moved almost bodily ...

Study of the interaction of shear horizontal guided mode with defects in the bend region of an isotropic top hat stiffener is presented. Compared with the SH0 wave in a plate, the shear mode in the bend is dispersive and its wavefield characteristics are affected by the curvature of the bend. The scattering studies showed that the sensitivity of the wave to outer surface cracks in the bend incr...

As a novel input techniques for deformable devices, bend gestures can prove difficult for users to perform correctly as they have many characteristics to master. In this paper, we present three bend visual guides which use feedforward and feedback mechanisms to lead users to correctly perform bend gestures on a flexible device. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the efficiency and preferenc...