This study applied graph theory to conduct an empirical analysis of the evolution global maritime container shipping networks, mainly focusing on 1970s. In addition analyzing change in overall structures networks over long term (from 1970s present) and midterm (in 1970s), authors examined changes before after reopening Suez Canal 1975. As a result, it was confirmed that initial single polar net...

Track-before-detect methods operate directly upon raw sensor signals without a separate, explicit detection stage. An efficient implementation of a Bayesian track-before-detect particle filter is described for tracking of a single target in a sequence of images. The filter provides a sample based approximation to the distribution of the target state directly from pixel array data. The filter al...

Evidence of trends in fertility and related variables in Pakistan during the 1970s is analyzed using data from 2 comparable surveys: the 1975 Pakistan Fertility Survey (PFS) and the 1979-80 Population, Labor Force and Migration Survey (PLM). Both suggest that fertility was fairly constant, with a total fertility rate around 7.0 until the 5-year period preceding the surveys (1970-74 and 1975-7...

We collect data on the size distribution of U.S. corporate businesses for nearly 100 years. document that concentration (e.g., asset share or sales top 1%) in economy has been increasing persistently over past century. Across different industries, rising was more pronounced manufacturing, mining, and utilities before 1970s, services, retail, wholesale after 1970s. find timing degree an industry...

By the 1960s, a vast amount of physiological evidence indicated that the hypothalamus plays a critical role in the expression of behaviors that are essential for the survival of the individual and for the species as a whole, along with the coordinated expression of appropriate autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. Karplus and Kreidl provided the seminal observations related to autonomic respo...

It is easy to live for the day. All lazybones do that and legitimately those who have finally taken a rest and enjoy in a relaxed way what is offered to them. The more eventful the better since then it is easy to forget what happened before and since unconnected impressions can be grasped in a particularly fresh way, in a virtually raw way. And in the same way as one might live for the moment, ...

As the name indicates, a renewal process is one that “renews” itself regularly. That is, there is a sequence of times {Tn, n ∈ Z} such that the process after time Tn is independent of what happened before that time and has a distribution that does not depend on n. We have seen examples of such processes before. As a simple example, one could consider a Poisson process with jump times Tn. As ano...

after second world war, demand for oil increased and in 1970s reached to its maximum growth. and naturally, providing this level of demand depended on much more import from opec, especially from middle eastern members. contemporaneous, in the early 1970s, some opec governments stopped granting new concessions and starting to claim equity participation in the existing concessions, with a few of ...