In a recent randomized experiment we found mean returns to capital of 5.7 percent per month amongst Sri Lankan microenterprises, much higher than market interest rates. In this paper we show that this high average effect masks dramatically different returns by gender. While the average male microenterprise owner has returns in excess of 9 percent per month, we show here that average returns are...

Track-Before-Detect (TBD) algorithms are applied for the tracking of signals below the noise floor. The noise object is the signal that has noise samples only. The processing of such signal using Spatio-Temporal TBD is not possible directly. The preprocessing technique based on the window approach and dot-product calculations emphasis the differences between global and local empirical distribut...

We consider the following problem: from a given set of gene families trees on a set of genomes, find a first speciation, that splits these genomes into two subsets, that minimizes the number of gene duplications that happened before this speciation. We call this problem the Minimum Duplication Bipartition Problem. Using a generalization of the Minimum Edge-Cut Problem, known as Submodular Funct...

The present paper represents essentially a chapter in a forthcoming "Monographie" in the l Enseignement Mathématique series i ) with the title "Old and new problems and results in combinatorial number theory" by the above authors . Basically we will discuss various problems in elementary number theory, most of which have a combinatorial flavor . In general we will avoid classical problems, just...

This article presents a Bayesian algorithm for detection and tracking of a target using the track-before-detect framework. This strategy enables to detect weak targets and to circumvent the data association problem originating from the detection stage of classical radar systems. We first establish a Bayesian recursion, which propagates the target state probability density function. Since raw me...

Many new characteristics are introduced in the mobile computing system, such as mobility, disconnections, finite power source, vulnerable to physical damage, lack of stable storage. Since the related log-based rollback recovery fault tolerant schemes may still lead to dramatic performance loss in failure-free or inconsistent recovery caused by the fault, a hybrid log-based fault tolerant scheme...

background and purpose: the importance of training basic and advanced life support for undergraduates and graduated physicians are now widely recognized. graduates of medical schools in iran immediately get license to practice medicine without any supervision. therefore, clarification of the best phases for training cpr and the optimum mastery level in each phase is very important. this study i...