Pharmacologists believe analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid compounds, due to their side-effects and, in some cases, inadequacy, are not always useful. Therefore it seems necessary to search for newer analgesic compounds. In traditional Iranian Medicine, the leaf and rhizome of Sambucus ebulus is used as a topical medication ...

An elderly beekeeper presented with nephrotic syndrome due to secondary amyloidosis. He developed progressive renal impairment and ultimately required dialysis. The patient had received multiple bee stings per day over seven decades without any allergic reactions. Here, we report secondary amyloidosis associated with recurrent bee venom exposure. KeyworDs Bee sting, kidney, nephrotic, secondary...

BACKGROUND Bee and wasp stings are among the most common triggers of anaphylaxis in adults representing around 20% of fatal anaphylaxis from any cause. Data of pre-hospital treatment of bee and wasp induced anaphylactic reactions are sparse. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of bee and wasp induced anaphylactic reactions, the severity of the reactions and to correlate the pre-hospital ...

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of venom immunotherapy (VIT) and monitor changes in in vivo and in vitro test results after 5 years of treatment and subsequent follow-up. To study the profile of immunoglobulin (Ig) E to individual allergens prior to treatment and 1 year afterwards. METHODS We studied 562 patients with hymenoptera venom allergy (438 to bee, 124 to wasp), all of whom underwen...