Various bedding materials used in infancy, including duvets (or continental quilts), were tested for airflow using the British Standards Institution tests for pillows or fabrics. Resistance was also measured when the items were placed on a dummy infant face. Measurements were made on washed and unwashed garments, which were tested both dry and wet. Results suggest that all the bedding materials...

Mite allergens in a house are considered to sensitize the residents at levels more than 2μg/g fine dust and may cause bronchial asthma at the level over 10 μg/g. The floor materials were substituted to cork and the bedding to mite-free one, and reduction of mite allergens and improvement of the symptoms and signs of bronchial asthma were observed in two houses where there are children with bron...

On modern dairy farms, environmental mastitis pathogens are usually the predominant cause of mastitis, and bedding often serves as a point of exposure to these organisms. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine bacterial populations of 4 different bedding types [deep-bedded new sand (NES), deep-bedded recycled sand (RS), deep-bedded manure solids (DBMS), and shallow-bedded man...

The Cambrian radiation is characterized by the emergence of diverse bilaterian animal phyla and establishment complex marine ecosystems. Guanshan Biota records an unusual ecological transition from trilobite- to brachiopod-dominated communities during Stage 4. This community accompanied direct evidence in situ biological interactions such as durophagous predation kleptoparasitism. Here we descr...

The purpose of the study was to assess the microenvironment in separately ventilated mouse cages at differing ventilation rates, mice populations, and frequency of bedding changes. We monitored intracage temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of ammonia and carbon dioxide during 3 experiments. First, the effect of ventilation rate on the microenvironment of cages housing adult male ...

The mechanism of seismic-induced bedding rock landslide is distinct from that slope instability/landslide in normal gravity conditions; their failure modes are mainly characterized by vibration deterioration effect mass structural plane due to a seismic loading, which has significant on the stability landslide. Several advanced methods have been proposed assess earthquake-induced However, quant...

In order to reduce straw input, soft lying mats are used increasingly instead of straw bedding in cubicle systems for dairy cows. This study aimed at comparing different types of soft lying mats with straw bedding regarding cow behaviour and leg injuries. Data were collected on five farms with straw bedding and on 13 farms using four types of soft lying mats consisting of different materials. O...

landfill and incineration are two common methods mostly used for disposal of huge quantities of solid wastes. the bioconversion ability of earthworms in vermicomposting process of organic waste in different types of bedding materials was investigated to produce more valuable products as an economical and effective alternate method for solid waste management. in this work organic waste (obtained...

The objective of the study was to determine whether, under controlled conditions, bedding materials vary in their ability to support growth of different environmental pathogens independent of the presence of feces, urine, or other contamination. Five sterilized bedding materials (fine hardwood chips, recycled dried manure, chopped newspaper, softwood sawdust, and chopped straw) and three bacter...

In rodents, social and reproductive behaviors critically depend on chemical signals, including sexual pheromones that have been suggested (but not demonstrated) to be rewarding. In this work, we analyze this issue by studying the chemoinvestigatory behavior of adult female mice (without experience with male-derived chemicals) toward 1) the synthetic odorant citralva, 2) bedding soiled by differ...