The idea that the text changes, that people are consciously changing the text, and that such processes should be of interest to philology, runs counter to many earlier assumptions about the role of philology as a scientific method for establishing the 'original' text (Vickers 1984:4-5). [T]he kakawin poetry of ancient Java acquires its character as a meaningful literary text for present-day Bal...

Don Cupitt’s version of religious non-realism based as it is on linguistic constructivism, radical relativism and the view that culture forms human nature has been attacked with devastating effect by realists in the last few years. I argue that there is another strand in Cupitt’s thinking, his biological naturalism, that supports a different version of religious non-realism and that he failed t...

urdu literature has provided an outstanding treasure by using all persian literary genres presented in both verse and prose. among all literary genres of poetry elegy is the kind which some of the scholars and critics of the subcontinent consider as an independent genre from arabic and persian literature. there is no doubt that mourning and lamenting for the dead has always been part of every n...

According to systematic reviews, religious beliefs and practices are related to higher life satisfaction, happiness, and positive affect (Koenig and Larson, 2001). The present research extends previous findings by comparing satisfaction with life and character strengths of non-religious people, religious people, who practice their religion and people that have a religious affiliation but do not...

advertising characters and commercial mascots such as yum yum,  cheetoz monkey, safety-man and many others have made memories of different generations of iranian consumers for many years. they have many abilities to attract attention and create a nostalgic and friendly relationship with the consumer and have a great impact on the sales of products. through a review of the relevant literature, t...

this article discusses the literary character of kumeit, a renowned shi’ite poet during umayyad dynasty. it attempts to defend the credibility of the citations made to kumeit’s poems. it also responds to some of the misgivings about this credibility. to this end, major literary works have been examined in order to explain the different literary and poetic techniques and devices such as lexi...

This paper traces the historical roots of the “mad scientist,” a concept that has powerfully shaped the public image of science up to today, by investigating the representations of chemists in nineteenth-century Western literature. I argue that the creation of this literary figure was the strongest of four critical literary responses to the emergence of modern science in general and of chemistr...

The problem of gender equality between men and women often occurs both in the world work, household, public space, politics. struggle for arises because many kinds oppression against women. This study aims to reveal experienced by main character Intan Paramadita's collection Witchcraft Women short stories explain educational values contained Sihir Perempuan Paramadita. uses theory feminist lite...