There has been recently a notable growth in the number of studies written on the nature of cities in the medieval period and, at the same time, a rise in the number of analyses of cathedral clergy, both of which have unquestionably contributed to an advance in our knowledge of these areas. In this context, conclusions centering on the existence of spaces of intersection and influence between ur...

Recently, Open Source Software (OSS) becomes indispensable resource in the information service industry. Moreover, OSS development also consists of the contribution and participation by information service enterprises. While the development of OSS style has spread, participation of information service enterprises toward OSS has also increased. In our research, we will consider the relation betw...

We introduce a microscopic model of software bug dynamics where users, programmers and maintainers interact through a given program. When the program is written from scratch, the first phase of development is characterized by a fast decline of the number of bugs, followed by a slow phase where most bugs have been fixed, hence, are hard to find. Releasing immediately bug fixes speeds up the debu...