in the nighttime, drainage flow occurs along the basin sideslope and advects cold air to the boundary layer over the basin bottom (bbl), intensifying the cooling rate of the layer. a nocturnal cold air lake develops in the basin, attaining a depth nearly equal to the topographical depth of the basin. heat budget analysis of the whole basin surface shows that net radiative flux closely balances ...

soil conservation service curve number method (scs-cn) is a widely applied technique for predicting direct runoff from rainfall has been used around the world. in this study, the curve number maps and entry physical model data of kheyrud basin to hec-hms model, the hec-geohms extension in arcgis software and google earth satellite images were used. in addition to the statistical analysis of sur...

prioritization of sub-watersheds is very important in the natural sources and watershed management. in this study, the morphometric parameter and landuse changes using rs and gis techniques used in order to identify erosion-prone sub-watersheds. the morphometric parameter such as basin relief, the linear parameters (drainage density, bifurcation ratio, length of overland flow, stream frequency ...

We completed a meta-analysis of regional and global climate model simulations (n=96) of the impact of Amazonian deforestation on Amazon basin rainfall. Across all simulations, mean (±1σ) change in annual mean Amazon basin rainfall was 12 ± 11%. Variability in simulated rainfall was not explained by differences in model resolution or surface parameters. Across all simulations we find a negative ...

farmers in the indus basin, pakistan have generally switched to groundwater for additional water supplies due to the irregular supply of irrigation water; currently over 50% of the agricultural land in the basin is at least partially irrigated by tube-wells. these wells pump fresh groundwater, which essentially is the result of massive leakage from irrigation canals into the originally saltwate...

Chemometric methods can enhance geochemical interpretations, especially when working with large datasets. With this aim, exploratory hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods are used herein to study the bulk pyrolysis parameters of 534 samples from the Persian Gulf basin. These methods are powerful techniques for identifying the patterns of variations i...

The Mytilos project was carried during the last 3 years (2004-2006) in order to evaluate the level of chemical contamination along the coasts of the western basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Active mussel watch consisted of caged (12 weeks) Mytilus galloprovincialis at 123 stations along the Mediterranean coasts of Spain, France, Italy, North Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Results indicated total ...

This paper presents the findings of an analysis of flood disaster trends in Asian countries during the last 30 years. The analysis was carried out to understand the changing characteristics of flood disasters in Asian countries in the past three decades with the rapid changes in socio-economic conditions. The second half of the paper presents the results of a modeling study of flood risk manage...

Marine litter is a major source of pollution in the Mediterranean basin, but despite legislative requirements, scant information is available for the ongoing assessment of this threat. Using higher size classes as proxy for litter distribution, this study gave a synoptic estimation of the amount, composition, and distribution of floating macro-litter in the Mediterranean. The average amount of ...