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background and purpose: basic medical sciences, not only in its traditional form as basic sciences, but also in its modern forms like biotechnology and genetics has indicated a highly applicable potential in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illnesses. therefore it is essential to improve basic sciences education quality, and because clinical students are in direct contact with medica...

A dermoscope (dermatoscope) is a non-invasive, diagnostic tool which visualizes subtle clinical patterns of skin lesions and subsurface skin structures not normally visible to the unaided eye. It has also been called a skin surface microscope, epiluminescence microscope or episcope. Some dermoscopic patterns are observed consistently with certain diseases and these then could be used for their ...

We briefly review Donsker’s functional central limit theorem (FCLT), which is a generalization of the classic central limit theorem (CLT). We then review FCLT’s for renewal processes and renewalreward processes and their generalization to other counting processes and random sums. We show how to apply the continuous mapping and generalizations that preserve convergence in the function space D. T...

Reported cases in Europe of large felines attacking humans are rare. Recently, in France, a man was attacked in an animal park by a tigress he had raised. He received fatal cervical wounds. This case of death by bites and lacerations, together with others in the recent international literature, underline the hereditary ferocity of such felines and the way in which they prefer to inflict lesions...

This article was prepared for Mike Fellows Festschrift for his 60th Birthday. Since many of the contributed articles revolve around the concept of parameterized complexity, it seems reasonable to give the reader a (short) primer to this area. It is not intended as a complete survey of this very broad area in its current state; rather it is intended to give a flavour of the techniques used and t...

Metabolic acidosis often complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adversely affects bone, nutrition, and metabolism. Phisitkul et al. demonstrate that sodium citrate may ameliorate kidney injury in CKD patients not on dialysis. Further, they provide evidence in humans that treatment lowers urinary endothelin levels, and hence increased endothelin may be part of the mechanism whereby acidosi...