We present a learning-based method to identify single-snippet answers to definition questions in question answering systems for document collections. Our method combines and extends two previous techniques that were based mostly on manually crafted lexical patterns and WordNet hypernyms. We train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) on vectors comprising the verdicts or attributes of the previous tec...

The JML specification language has evolved over a number of years and several variations/subsets have been formalized, mainly in the context of prototype systems for runtime and static verification. This document records the preliminary definition of basic semantic concepts for a core fragment of JML. It is intended to facilitate investigation of new features and improvement in interoperability...

‎based on a definition for circle in finsler space‎, ‎recently proposed by one of the present authors and z‎. ‎shen‎, ‎a natural definition of extrinsic sphere in finsler geometry is given and it is shown that a connected submanifold of a finsler manifold is totally umbilical and has non-zero parallel mean curvature vector field‎, ‎if and only if its circles coincide with circles of the ambient...

the notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  probabilistic metric space was  introduced by karl menger. alsina, schweizer and sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of menger [1]. in this note we study the pn spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

With the market becoming increasingly competitive, there is a pressure to deliver systems with more functionality and at the same cost, which thus leads to more complexity in terms of number of components. Moreover, the society is becoming increasingly dependent on these systems for its critical functions. This coupled with shrinking time-to-market and reducing life-cycle, creates a need to fin...

An architecture is presented that utilizes both knowledge-based systems technology and Intelligent Agents technology to design and implement computerized systems for agricultural management that are flexible, extendible, and reusable. While stand-alone knowledge based systems provide valuable agricultural management information, collaboration among several knowledge-based systems with related f...

An assay for thrombin is presented wherein thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis at Arg-A alpha-16 to release fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen is measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this assay one thrombin unit (TU) is defined as that amount of thrombin that will release half of the FPA in one min from one ml of a solution of greater than 90% clottable normal human fi...