SUMMARY We propose a two scale asymptotic method to compute the effective effect of a free surface topography varying much faster than the minimum wavelength for 2-D P-SV elastic wave propagation. The topography variation is assumed to be non-periodic but with a de-terministic description and, in the present paper, the elastic body below the topography is assumed to be homogeneous. Two asymptot...

one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...

In this paper we describe a new system for the reconstruction of geometric map elements as developed in the Dutch TopSpin-PNEM project ‘Knowledge-based conversion of utility maps’. In the knowledge base map conversion process vectorized map elements coming from an image interpretation system must be reconstructed in a geometrically accurate topographic base map. This is done using a map corresp...

Traditional approaches to analyzing experimental functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data entail fitting per-voxel parameters to explain how the observed images reflect the thoughts and stimuli a participant experienced during the experiment. These methods implicitly assume that voxel responses are independent and that the unit of analysis should be the voxel. However, both of these as...

The hybrid intelligent system presented here, forecasts the presence or not of oil slicks in a certain area of the open sea after an oil spill using CaseBased Reasoning methodology. The proposed CBR includes a novel network for data classification and data retrieval. Such network works as a summarization algorithm for the results of an ensemble of Visualization Induced SelfOrganizing Maps. This...

Topographic data sets produced by the National Mapping Agencies (NMAs) are an essential part of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). Both global and European developments will denote that the NMAs will have to adopt new strategies for managing topographic data. This paper will embrace some of the requirements and introduce a framework for topographic data management based on the analysis of stu...

Remote sensing-based approaches to lithological mapping are traditionally pixel-oriented, with classification performed on either a per-pixel or sub-pixel basis with complete disregard for contextual information about neighbouring pixels. However, intra-class variability due to heterogeneous surface cover (i.e., vegetation and soil) or regional variations in mineralogy and chemical composition ...

Municipalities need accurate and updated inventories of urban vegetation in order to manage green resources and estimate the profit of urban forestry activities. Earlier studies using high resolution satellite images have shown that automatic tree detection in urban areas using traditional classification techniques remains a very difficult task. This is mainly due to intra-crown spectral variat...

We consider the shallow water equation and the vorticity equations for a variable height of topography. On the assumptions that the atmosphere is incompressible and a constant density, we simplify the coupled dynamic equations. The change in topographic height is handled as the sum of the inherent and changing topography using the perturbation method, together with appropriate boundary conditio...

Increased demand for treatment of skin wrinkles has led to a proliferation of different pharmaceutical and surgical treatment methods. However there still remains a lack of quantitative, objective, easily utilizable and reproducible wrinkle classification system by which these treatments can be studied and compared. We propose the use of a novel photometric stereo based technique as a potential...