Metals like Fe, Ca, Mn present in sewage sludge ash have been deposited on high surface -alumina with high mechanical resistance used as bed materials during sewage sludge fluidized bed combustion to produce low-cost CLC oxygen carriers. The produced oxygen carriers have been characterized using ICP-MS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and surface area (BET) analysis....

Laser pyrolysis has been used to synthesize WO3 nanostructures. Spherical nano-particles were obtained when acetylene was used to carry the precursor droplet, whereas thin films were obtained at high flow-rates of oxygen carrier gas. In both environments WO3 nanowires appear only after thermal annealing of the as-deposited powders and films. Samples produced under oxygen carrier gas in the lase...

The formation of boron-oxygen complexes in boron-doped crystalline silicon can lead to a severe reduction in the minority charge carrier lifetime. This strongly influences, e.g., solar cell efficiencies if the material is used for photovoltaic application. Recent investigations have shown that a recovery of the carrier lifetime can be achieved by a subsequent thermally enhanced reaction induced...

We report on the characterization of gettered p-type GaP substrates for application in high-efficiency multijunction solar cells. A commercial zinc-doped GaP substrate was divided, with one piece soaked in a phosphorussaturated gallium-aluminum melt at 975 C. Low-temperature continuouswave photoluminescence indicated a significant decrease in deep-level impurity peaks due to oxygen and zinc-oxy...

Photodynamic therapy using hematoporphyrin and its derivatives is clinically useful for cancer treatments. It has been reported that cancer cells incorporate hematoporphyrin and its derivatives via heme carrier protein 1, which is a proton-coupled folate transporter. However, the mechanism of this protein expression has not been elucidated. In general, the concentration of reactive oxygen speci...

Single crystal rubrene is a model organic electronic material showing high carrier mobility and long exciton lifetime. These properties are detrimentally affected when rubrene is exposed to intense light under ambient conditions for prolonged periods of time, possibly due to oxygen up-take. Using photoelectron, scanning probe and ion-based methods, combined with an isotopic oxygen exposure, we ...

In this paper, a 7-level Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI) is simulated with three different carrier PWM techniques. Here, Carrier based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injected Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Modified Carrier-Based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) are used as modulation strategies. These modulation strategies include Phase Dispos...