During the past two decades, an increasing number of European countries have introduced language requirements for residency, citizenship, and sometimes even entry to country family reunification. As a result, democratic rights as well basic human come depend upon individual’s ability obtain certain score on test consequences failing may be detrimental. In field testing, this use tests is often ...

the purpose of the present study was to determine gender differences in the language development and skills of first grade students of primary schools in marivan-iran. to do this, 260 first grade students (140 males and 120 females) were chosen by multi stage cluster sampling and stratified random sampling methods among the first grade students in elementary schools in the 2011-2012 academic ye...

Abstract During the past decades, migration policies in Western societies have grown stricter by day. As part of this retrenchment, migrants are required to pass language tests gain access human and democratic rights such as residency, family reunification, citizenship, well enter labour market or higher education. The use control integration is not value neutral. question discussed paper wheth...

While learners’ ability to speak academic language develops over time in content-based programs, the development of their nonacademic language appears to lag behind. Students’ speaking in content-based (CB) classrooms is confined to an academic discourse style. In the researchers’ point of view, the gap of less amount of nonacademic speaking can be bridged by the application of the conceptual f...

the recent increase in the number of publications devoted to teaching the persian language to speakers of other languages and the development of such courses in iran and elsewhere signify a cultural movement. however, one of the shortcomings of this movement pertains to its oblivious stance to persian language proficiency. this paper aims at defining language proficiency bringing its importance...