We hypothesize that endogenous cholinergic modulation of dendritic processing of hippocampal CA1 is layer specific, and it specifically enhances spike output resulting from basal as compared with the apical dendritic excitation. Laminar profiles of evoked field potentials were recorded in the CA1 area of urethane-anesthetized rats using multichannel silicon probes and analyzed as current source...

Neocortical pyramidal neurons (PNs) receive thousands of excitatory synaptic contacts on their basal dendrites. Some act as classical driver inputs while others are thought to modulate PN responses based on sensory or behavioral context, but the biophysical mechanisms that mediate classical-contextual interactions in these dendrites remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that if two excitato...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of distal roots and canals in mandibular first molars and their internal anatomy radiographically within iranian population. materials and methods: a total of 310 distal roots of mandibular first molars were incorporated in this study and evaluated in terms of number of roots and number and types of canals. root canal systems we...

background: an intra-articular distal humerus mal:union: can be disabling. to improve function, reduce pain and/ or prevent further secondary osteoarthritis an intra-articular corrective osteotomy can be considered. herein we present the indications, practical guidelines for pre- operative planning and surgical technique. subsequently, we provide long-term results in a small series.   methods: ...

Intracellular mRNA localization critically contributes to proper brain development and function. A recent study demonstrates that mRNAs are actively transported in radial glial cells from the soma to the distal basal endfeet, where they are locally translated.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a tree with significant economic value and usage for human health and various food industries. However, fresh walnut kernels are a less widespread product than the dried kernels. This study aimed to determine the fresh walnut kernel properties including, fatty acid composition, proximate composition, total phenolics (TPs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), acidic, p...

The stylonurid eurypterid Leiopterella tetliei Lamsdell, Braddy, Loeffler, and Dineley, 2010 (Chelicerata: Eurypterida: Rhenopteridae) from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian) of Nunavut in Arctic Canada is redescribed. Restudy holotype under polarized light revealed a labrum, epistomal sutures, prosomal appendage III, deltoid plates anterior to genital appendage. An additional new specimen preserv...

• Idiopathic inflammatory disease of the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes, seen most commonly in middle-aged adults • Flat-topped violaceous papules and plaques favor the wrists, forearms, genitalia, distal lower extremities and presacral area • Clinical variants include annular, bullous, hypertrophic, linear, ulcerative and lichen planopilaris • Histologically, there is a dense, band-lik...