normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa background: the angular dependency of response for tld cards may cause deviation  from its true value on the results of environmental dosimetry, since tlds may  be exposed to radiation at different angles of incidence from the surrounding area. objective: a 3d setting of tld cards has been calibrated isotropically in a standard  radiation field to eval...

In recent years, financial institutions have embraced mobile banking, which has revolutionized their operations and those of other firms. This research sought to determine the effects banking on performance Equity Bank. The specific objectives were Bank, find out most products contributing overall contribution performance, major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats. target population w...

Using data from a credit card issuer, a neural network based fraud detection system was trained on a large sample of labelled credit card account transactions and tested on a holdout data set that consisted of all account activity over a subsequent two-month period of time. The neural network was trained on examples of fraud due to lost cards, stolen cards, application fraud, counterfeit fraud,...

Economies around the world are marked by major interventions in credit markets. Institutions ranging from central banks to the Grameen Bank operate under the assumptions that credit markets are imperfect, that these imperfections can be ameliorated, and that doing so increases output. There is surprisingly little empirical support for these propositions. Chapters 1 and 2 develop evidence on rel...

This paper presents a model for the credit card industry, where oligopolistic card networks price their products in a complex marketplace with competing payment instruments, rational consumers/merchants, and competitive card issuers/acquirers. The analysis suggests that card networks demand higher interchange fees to maximize card issuers’ profits as card payments become more efficient. At equi...

Credit card transactions continue to grow in number, taking a larger share of the US payment system, and have led to a higher rate of stolen account numbers and subsequent losses by banks. Hence, improved fraud detection has become essential to maintain the viability of the US payment system. Banks have been elding early fraud warning systems for some years. We seek to improve upon the state-of...

Smart cards are now being extensively deployed for identity verification(smart identity tokens) for controlling access to Information Technology (IT) resources as well as physical resources. Depending upon the sensitivity of the resources and the risk of wrong identification, different authentication use cases are being deployed. Assignment of authentication strength for each of the use cases i...

Incompatibility between complementary components of system goods can have substantial effects on consumer welfare. In this paper, we estimate the effects of incompatibility in a classic “hardware/software” market: ATM cards and machines. Our empirical model allows us to measure the “indirect network effect” that a bank’s ATM deployment has on willingness to pay for competitors’ deposit accounts...

The development of the digital economy presents new, increasingly diverse financial service products. One them is non-cash payments or cashless payments, which are latest innovations and prevalent in buying selling to MSMEs. This study aims find out how Cashless system implemented MSME sector city Medan, then Islamic economic perspective implementing payment system. uses a qualitative research ...

as “unmanaged risks.” The term “unmanaged” connotes the practical difficulties associated with managing fraud risk effectively and dynamically. In recent years, while the number of publicized frauds—unauthorized usage of credit and ATM cards, checking account fraud, Nigerian scams, etc.—increased, these cases merely constituted the tip of the iceberg. Estimates are that just 20% of frauds are e...