This paper builds an analytical framework that models predation (banditry) and production as part of the choice of a rational utility-maximising agent. Aggregating this choice up for society produces equilibrium outcomes ranging from Utopia (where no one predates) to Amorphy (where everyone does). The intermediate position constitutes Anarchy where a mix of predation and production prevail. Thi...

Excavations carried out at the Cave of Castelvenere in the province of Lucca have brought to light archaeological remains from various epochs datable from the second millenium B.C. up to the first centuries of the Christian era. The objects discovered suggest that the cave was the scene of cult activity a conclusion supported in part by the recovery of a number of unusual bronze figurines of gr...

Despite their common Ottoman heritage, Greece and Turkey have diverged widely in their modem history of civil-military relations. The armed forces have a long record of intervention in both countries, but there is a crucial difference: the military emerged as a roughly unitary, independent political actor in Turkey, whereas in Greece it remained divided into factions aligned with civilian polit...

A stranger in the pub bumps into you spilling your drink and then doesn't apologize, or someone pushes past to grab a seat on train. colleague makes dismissive remark about work front of boss. man catcalls woman street, wears T-shirt declaring, “keep calm, watch lesbians.” One reaction affronts like these is take offense. Philosophers have said great deal causing offense, especially whether we ...

Alexander, J. H. The Shirra in the Dock: The Magnum Case In the Magnum, Scott openly confesses to mistakes, defends himself against actual or potential charges, exhibits discomfort on occasion, and is in various ways economical with the truth. The first part of the paper will look at his evident unease with the Magnum as a bookmaking project containing a fair amount of 'buckram'. It will also c...

This article analyses excesses carried out against civilians in Ireland and Poland after the First World War. It shows how the absence of a centralised state authority with a monopoly on violence allowed for new, less inhibited paramilitary groups to operate in parts of Ireland and Poland. The article argues that certain forms of violence committed had a symbolic meaning and served as messages,...