The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water Sediments (BWM Convention) aims to mitigate introduction risk harmful aquatic organisms pathogens (HAOP) via ships’ ballast water sediments. BWM has set regulations ships utilise exceptions exemptions from management under specific circumstances. This study evaluated local regional case studies provide clarity s...

Marine biological invasions have increased with the development of global trading, causing the homogenization of communities and the decline of biodiversity. A main vector is ballast water exchange from shipping. This study evaluates the use of ecological niche modelling (ENM) to predict the spread of 18 non-indigenous species (NIS) along shipping routes and their potential habitat suitability ...

Waste-tire-derived crumb rubber was utilized as filter media to develop an efficient filter for ballast water treatment. In this study, the effects of coagulation, pressure filtration and dual-media (gravity) filtration on the performance of the crumb rubber filtration were investigated. The removal efficiencies of turbidity, phytoplankton and zooplankton, and head loss development were monitor...

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Since 2004, an international testing program has certified 53 shipboard treatment systems as meeting ballast water discharge standards, including limits on certain microbes to prevent the spread of human pathogens. We determined how frequently certification tests failed a minimum requirement for a meaningful evaluation, that the concentration of microbes in the untreated (control) discharge mus...

After almost two decades of intensified research, regulatory and political activities focussed on the prevention of harmful organisms and pathogen transfers around the world, in 2004 the International Convention on the Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) was adopted to provide for a common and globally uniform ballast water management (BWM) approach. Recognising th...

BACKGROUND The uncontrolled discharge of untreated ballast water, which is essential for a ship's optimal operation, one the major causes sea environmental pollution by shipping. Among disinfection methods available water treatment, ozonation commonly used method, but its performance limited rapid ozone auto-decomposition rate. Nanobubbles (NBs) technology has attracted much scientific interest...