Editor, Reference to Microwave oven in microbiology laboratory, JPMA., 1992:42:2. In response to the queries by a microbiologist regarding the published paper we feel it would be appropriate to clarifr the facts. 1. Sterilization in microwaves works on a different principle than the conventional autoclave and sterilizadon is independent of temperature, just like the principle of sterilization b...

Many aspects of computer systems are naturally modeled as parameterized systems which renders their automatic verification difficult. In wellknown examples such as cache coherence protocols and mutual exclusion protocols, the unbounded parameter is the number of concurrent processes which run the same distributed algorithm. In this paper, we introduce environment abstraction as a tool for the v...

Language users have a remarkable ability to create, produce and comprehend complex words. Words such as undercut and bakery appear to be composed of units, traditionally called morphemes, that recombine in rule-like ways to form other words, such as underline and cannery. However, morphological systems are quasiregular: they are systematic and productive but admit many seemingly irregular forms...

A factor analysis model with nonnegative constraints (FA) was used to apportion the sources of PAHs found in sediments of Lake Calumet and surrounding wetlands in southeast Chicago. Source profiles and contributions, with uncertainties, are determined with no prior knowledge of sources. The model includes scaling and backscaling of data with average PAH concentrations without sample normalizati...

This paper describes numerical model for inductive heating oven and temperature monitoring system for Continuous Coating Line. For induction heating, the heat generation is concentrated within skin depth so exponentially decaying heat distribution was assumed. To calculate and to monitor the oven exit temperature, measurement system was installed on the inductive heater oven including pyrometer...

Formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia with oven ash, chalk powder, charcoal and wheat flour at a ratio of 1:4 (W/W) were prepared. Formulations containing charcoal and oven ash had a conidial viability half-life of 4.1–4.3 months at 2071!C. In comparison, unformulated conidia held under the same conditions had a viability half-life of 0.9 month. Bioassays carried out at 2872!C and 7075...

AIMS The sterilization of instruments in rural health clinics in less developed countries is an increasing problem as chemical methods can no longer be recommended and fuel wood is becoming increasingly scarce. It seems obvious, therefore, to utilize solar energy for sterilization purposes. METHODS AND RESULTS A solar oven was designed and manufactured using local materials and simple tools. ...

This paper compares the alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) manufactured with thermal oven curing and pulsed microwave curing methods. Fly ash activated by 8M NaOH solution at a liquid to solid ratio of 0.3 was cured by thermal oven at 85°C and domestic microwave oven, respectively. Apart from compressive strength test, the temperature profiles of AAFA samples were captured by thermal camera. React...

Carbon fractions of tree tissues are a key component of forest carbon mass estimation. Several methods have been used to measure carbon fractions, yet no comprehensive comparison between methods has been performed. We found significant differences between carbon fractions derived from four sample preparation methods: oven-drying, vacuum desiccation, freeze-drying, and a new method that consiste...