The successive ferrite (α) + pearlite (P) transformations from austenite (γ) have been modeled to predict the intervention of bainite in as-forged medium-carbon manganese steels. The kinetics of the diffusional transformations were calculated based on the classical nucleation-growth theory coupled with the CALPHAD multi-component thermodynamics. The description of growth rate of proeutectoid-α ...

Knowledge of carbon content in retained austenite (RA) with different neighbouring phases is essential to understand the chemical stability of RA, which is useful for microstructure tuning of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels. The present study investigates different morphologies and chemical compositions of RA by correlating electron backscattering diffraction, transmission elect...

• Limited effect of temerping at 400 and 500°C on non-ausformed crabide-free bainite. Dilatometric contraction occurred for ausformed bainite sample due to cementite precipitation. Carbon diffusion was enhanced by dislocations generated during ausforming processes. The influence tempering 500 °C two bainitic ferrite microstructures obtained via pure isothermal transformation followed the studie...

Armour steel is a medium-carbon which widely used in military and defense industries owing to its ability protect from projectile bullet pressure. However, this armour still posses mechanical limitation aspect, thus it needed engineer for improvement. Therefore, the aim of research undergo properties engineering by using heat treatment method austempering within temperature variations 200, 250,...

transformation induced plasticity (trip) steels have a vast application in automotive industry because of theirhigh strength, high ductility and hence excellent energy absorption capacity. these characteristics of tripsteels are due to the existence of retained austenite in their microstructures in the ambient temperature, whichtransforms to the martensite phase during deformation. the microstr...

This study consists of the experimental and numerical analysis phase transformations 5Cr-0.5Mo.0.1C steel after heat treatment. The microstructure as-received comprised ferrite bainite, which is in agreement with microconstituents predicted by Calphad-calculated TTT diagram. Calphad-based precipitation calculations show that cooling stage normalizing treatment did not cause carbide formation. I...