BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate x-ray protection methods in dental offices in Tabriz. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 142 dental offices were evaluated. A questionnaire-based method was used. The data was analyzed by descriptive methods. RESULTS The least commonly used methods were leaded walls (4.9%) and film badges (16.9%) and the most commonly used methods w...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is considered to be one of the most effective treatments for superficial and in situ bladder cancer. The exact mechanism of the antitumor activity of BCG is not completely understood. Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPARÁ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that is involved in cell growth and ...

PURPOSE To determine whole body and hand radiation exposure to the hand surgeon wearing a lead apron during routine intraoperative use of the mini C-arm fluoroscope. METHODS Four surgeons (3 hand attending surgeons and 1 hand fellow) monitored their radiation exposure for a total of 200 consecutive cases (50 cases per surgeon) requiring mini C-arm fluoroscopy. Each surgeon measured radiation ...

The phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis proposes that male ornaments reflect male fertility. Male ornaments could honestly signal sperm quality due to the high susceptibility of sperm to free radicals on the one hand and the negative impact of oxidative stress on ornament elaboration on the other hand. Thus, only males with superior antioxidant defenses could bear the cost of more elaborated ...

SRY, a Y-chromosomal gene that is pivotal in initiating the development of testis and a determinant of male sex in mammals (Goodfellow and Lovell-Badge 1993), has been subject to intense evolutionary study in the past decade (Foster et al. 1992; Tucker and Lundrigan 1993; Whitfield, Lovell-Badge, and Goodfellow 1993; Pamilo and O’Neill 1997; Nagai 2001). SRY protein is a transcription factor co...

modern home and office are equipped with sophisticated computing and communications devices, many of which require significant effort or specialist knowledge to configure and use effectively. While the complexity of such devices will surely increase in the future, it may be possible to make them more user-friendly by transferring some of the configuration burden to the devices themselves. These...