Shading-based approaches like Photometric Stereo assume that the image formation model can be effectively optimized for the scene normals. However, in murky water this is a very challenging problem. The light from artificial sources is not only reflected by the scene but it is also scattered by the medium particles, yielding the backscatter component. Backscatter corresponds to a complex term w...

In a companion paper [Appl. Opt. 42, 2571 (2003)] the temperature dependence of Raman scattering and its influence on the Raman and Rayleigh-Mie lidar equations were examined. New forms of the lidar equation were developed to account for this temperature sensitivity.Here those results are used to derive the temperature-dependent forms of the equations for the water vapor mixing ratio, the aeros...

This paper assesses the synergy of RADARSAT and ENVISAT data for rice monitoring. Crop growth profile derived from the analysis of temporal backscatter of RADARSAT SCNB (July-August) and ENVISAT of IS4 and IS5 (September-November) enables to classify early, normal and late sown crop with 10-12 dB difference throughout the growth cycle. An inversion algorithm relating backscatter and plant heigh...

In this paper we explore the use of spectral analysis techniques applied to artifacts of denial of service attacks called backscatter packets. First, we detail how to partition backscatter data collected by a network sensor into logical attacks. Since backscatter packets are the result of spoofed packets sent to the target by the attacker, determining attack boundaries is an important first ste...

We present LoRea an architecture consisting of a backscatter tag, a reader and multiple carrier generators that overcomes the power, cost and range limitations of existing backscatter systems such as Computational Radio Frequency Identification (CRFID). LoRea achieves this by: First, generating narrow-band backscatter transmissions. Second, by mitigating self-interference without the complex de...

High-frequency backscatter radio systems operate in the backscatter channel, a channel whose envelope probability density function (PDF) and bit-error-rate (BER) performance are strongly affected by the relationship between small-scale fading in the reader-to-tag and tag-to-reader propagation links – i.e., link correlation. This paper shows that backscatter radio systems using co-located reader...

Time-series analysis of Antarctic QuikSCAT data reveals several trends. An annual seasonal cycle in which backscatter power increases during the Austral winter and decreases during the Austral summer, is observed over most of the continent, with varying magnitude. Several areas also show a large ( ∼ 10dB) decrease in average backscatter during the Austral summer, suggesting melt events. As expe...

The purpose of this study is to compare predictions of the backscatter spectrum,, including effects of ionospheric inhomogeneity, with experimental observations of incoherent backscatter from an artificially heated region. Our calculations show that the strongest backscatter echo received is not, in fact, from the reflection level} but from a region some distance below (about 0.5 km for an expe...

Studies of iceberg detection in the Franz Josef land region have been performed by use of optical images in combination with and Synthetic Aperture Radar images during April 2006. Alternating Polarization (AP) images (HHand VV-pol) from ASAR and RADARSAT ScanSAR Narrow images were tested against Landsat images for identification of 15 icebergs of size between 50 and 400 m. The three types of SA...

We planed to conduct a “mowing the lawn” type of multibeam bathymetry and backscatter survey of the Florida Middle Ground HAPC (Habitat Area of Particular Concern; Figure 1) and to collect some ground truth data. The survey was to augment the existing coverage in the area from a previous USF cruise and will entail for the most part very long lines compared to the number of turns (Figure 1). The...