Hierarchical genome assembly can be divided into three distinct stages: sequencing and assembling shotgun reads for each of a series of selected BAC clones; assembling the resulting fragments into BAC consensus sequences; and mapping and orienting the BAC consensus according to external positional information. We report a new approach for BAC consensus assembly that relies on iterative layouts ...

Abstract Background The percentage of the multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates is increasing worldwide. excessive exposure K. to sublethal concentrations biocides like benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in health care settings and communities could be one causes contributing global spread antibiotic resistance. Results We collected 50 these were daily exposed gradually BAC. cons...

The National Transportation Safety Board recently recommended that states establish a per se blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit of 0.05 or lower for all drivers who are not already required to adhere to lower BAC limits in a national effort to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. There is strong evidence for adopting this recommendation. A comprehensive review of the literature on BAC limits w...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant disorder with progressive degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and other neurons caused by expansion of a glutamine (Q) tract in the ATXN2 protein. We generated BAC transgenic lines in which the full-length human ATXN2 gene was transcribed using its endogenous regulatory machinery. Mice with the ATXN2 BAC transgene with an...

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a high-risk factor for several medical disorders and traffic accidents and poses a burden on outpatient clinics and emergency units. We aimed to assess the pattern of alcohol screening among patients in a multicultural setting in a national referral hospital in an Arab Middle-Eastern country. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted for patie...

Quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used as antiseptic and disinfectant. It is been a concern that their widespread use will lead to an increase of environmental problems, therefore the development biodegradable surfactants necessary. The present research aimed at design novel amphiphilic molecules with similar properties those already known but more biodegradable. Based on benzalkonium ch...

In this report, we describe an optimized method for generation of ephA8 BAC transgenic mice expressing the lacZ reporter gene under ephA8 regulatory sequences. First, we constructed a targeting vector that carries a 1.2 kb ephA8 DNA upstream of its first exon, a lacZ expression cassette, a kanamycin cassette, and a 0.7 kb ephA8 DNA downstream of its first exon. Second, the targeting vector was ...

BAC transgenic mammalian systems offer an important platform for recapitulating human gene expression and disease modeling. While the larger body mass, and greater genetic and physiologic similarity to humans render rats well suited for reproducing human immune diseases and evaluating therapeutic strategies, difficulties of generating BAC transgenic rats have hindered progress. Thus, an efficie...

The development and application of diverse BAC transgenic rodent lines has enabled rapid progress for precise molecular targeting of genetically-defined cell types in the mammalian central nervous system. These transgenic tools have played a central role in the optogenetic revolution in neuroscience. Indeed, an overwhelming proportion of studies in this field have made use of BAC transgenic Cre...